基于PMU的电力系统监控体系结构优化设计

文中提出了一种利用有限数量的相量测量单元(PMU)和相量数据集中器(PDC)设计最优监控结构的方法。通过在大量的设定值场景下,使电力系统可观测性曲线的期望值最大化,同时使通信基础设施成本最小化,最终确定PMU和PDC的最佳位置。提出了一种非线性动态扩展卡尔曼滤波(EFK)状态观测器。这种状态观测器可以将暂态行为转换为由代数微分方程描述的广域电力系统,而无需非线性反演技术。最后以IEEE-5电力系统为例,说明了该方法的有效性。     

小型飞行器姿态估计系统设计与实现

提出了一种基于最小二乘拟合和四元数拓展卡尔曼滤波器小型无人机姿态系统估计方法。首先建立三轴磁力计的物理模型,采用最小二乘拟合算法估算磁力计的干扰向量,然后采用加速度计对磁力计进行倾斜补偿,最后采用拓展卡尔曼滤波器融合加速度计、陀螺仪和磁力计的4数据,估计飞行器三维姿态。测试结果表明,姿态系统的方位角的线性误差最大为4°,倾斜40°情况下,方位角最大误差为2.6°,静止放置时,横滚角、俯仰角和方位角最大的静止偏差分别为0.215°、0.103°和0.464°。     

基于容量修正的阀控式铅酸蓄电池SOC估计

阀控式铅酸蓄电池(valve regulated lead acid battery,VRLA)广泛应用于储能系统中,准确估算其实时荷电状态(state of charge,SOC),对确保铅酸蓄电池安全供电具有重要意义。铅酸蓄电池的工作环境温度对其容量的影响不可忽视,然而,现有的SOC估算方法常将电池总容量视作固定值,这就导致了估算误差会随着环境温度的变化而积累,严重影响了SOC的估算精度。提出了一种基于容量修正的SOC估计方法,通过研究电池容量随温度的变化规律,引入了温度补偿对电池总容量进行修正。在此基础上,结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法进行不同温度下的SOC实时估计,并对容量修正后的SOC估计值与一般算法SOC估计值进行比较。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的SOC估算方法能够提高不同环境温度下的铅酸蓄电池SOC估计精度。     

一种新型非线性卡尔曼滤波方法

提出了一种新型非线性卡尔曼滤波方法—单形无迹求积卡尔曼滤波(SUQKF)方法,该方法通过对单形无迹卡尔曼滤(SUKF)波所用的采样点进行修正,并与高斯-拉盖尔积分准则相结合,构造了一组个数、权系数和空间分布确定的新型高阶采样点,用来进行滤波。同时指出SUKF是SUQKF的特例。将所提方法通过实验与扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)、容积求积卡尔曼滤波(CQKF)进行比较,结果表明:SUQKF方法滤波精度高于EKF和CQKF,且收敛速度较快,实时性优于CQKF。     

基于改进EKF的飞机蓄电池在线SOC估计方法

蓄电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)是电池管理系统最为重要的参数之一,由于飞机蓄电池工作环境恶劣复杂,具有较强的非线性,给蓄电池的在线 SOC估计带来较大的困难。以提高复杂应力条件下飞机蓄电池在线 SOC估计精度为目的,采用性能测试实验对蓄电池性能参数的温度、放电率特性进行研究,并提出递推最小二乘法与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法结合的改进 EKF方法,实现蓄电池等效电路模型参数的在线辨识以及蓄电池在线 SOC 的估计。上述方法通过物理实验进行了验证,实验结果表明,改进后 EKF方法的 SOC 估计误差小于0.5%,估计精度获得明显提高。     

Individual-based multi-objective optimal structured treatment interruption for HIV infection

In this paper, based on the measurable quantities from an individual patient that has infection to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and his/her condition is near to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), individual-based multi-objective optimal treatments have been proposed. Firstly, the most effective parameters of the patient in computing Long-term non-progressor (LTNP) equilibrium are derived using global sensitivity analysis (GSA). To accomplish GSA effectively, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) are utilized to rank each of the parameters based on each state of the 5-dimensional model. Then, these results are used by Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory (DSET) to rank the most effective parameters comprehensively. Now, these effective identified parameters are estimated using extended Kalman filter (EKF), which its covariance matrices are optimized based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Thus, the proposed methodology gives a calibrated model corresponding to the individual patient. Based on this calibrated model, the LTNP equilibrium related to the individual patient is derived. Using the derived individual-based LTNP equilibrium optimal structured treatment interruption (STI) strategies are extracted by defining suitable multi-objective optimization problem and solving it through using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results demonstrate that the proposed optimal treatments are able to effectively reach LTNP equilibrium with using the minimum and maximum drug usage of 3.6% and 35.1% of full drug usage treatment. Meanwhile, the different optimal treatments give the decision-makers enough flexibility to choose the suitable treatment based on existing facilities and necessities.     

Critical evaluation of non-linear filter configurations for the state estimation of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor

A systematic approach has been attempted to design a non-linear observer to estimate the states of a non-linear system. The neural network based state filtering algorithm proposed by A.G. Parlos et al. has been used to estimate the state variables, concentration and temperature in the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) process. (CSTR) is a typical chemical reactor system with complex nonlinear dynamics characteristics. The variables which characterize the quality of the final product in CSTR are often difficult to measure in real-time and cannot be directly measured using the feedback configuration. In this work, the comparison of the performances of an extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF) and neural network (NN) based state filter for CSTR that rely solely on concentration estimation of CSTR via measured reactor temperature has been done. The performances of these three filters are analyzed in simulation with Gaussian noise source under various operating conditions and model uncertainties.     

自适应渐消UKF算法及其在仅测角被动定位中的应用

针对仅测角被动定位受多径、镜像和干扰源影响,噪声无法准确建模,传统EKF及其改进滤波算法容易发散的问题,将自适应渐消因子引入UKF算法中,调整滤波增益以及状态误差协方差矩阵,提出一种自适应渐消UKF算法,给出了具体的计算流程。仿真了不同雷达诱饵布置干扰下滤波算法的稳定性。仿真结果表明,与传统的EKF以及自适应渐消EKF算法相比,该算法收敛速度更快,稳定性更好。     

无迹卡尔曼滤波及其平方根形式在电力系统动态状态估计中的应用

针对扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)的不足,将不需要对非线性系统函数进行线性化的无迹卡尔曼滤波(unscented Kalman filter,UKF)方法引入电力系统动态状态估计,采用生成Sigma点数量最少的比例最小偏度单形采样策略进行无迹变换.以IEEE14系统为算例,仿真结果表明引入UKF后,估计结果的精度有所提高,但算法的效率较低,且数值稳定性较差.进一步引入平方根形式的UKF(square root UKF,SRUKF)模型,IEEE 14及IEEE 30测试系统的仿真结果证明:在不需要大量牺牲计算时间的同时,算法的数值稳定性得到了改善.表明SRUKF的引入对动态状态估计方法的改进是有效的.     

微型姿态解算系统的抗磁干扰算法研究

基于MARG传感器的EKF算法可以有效地抑制MEMS陀螺精度低及陀螺漂移较大等缺陷,为MEMS陀螺的广泛应用提供了有效途径.然而MARG传感器中的磁强计容易受到外界磁场干扰,从而对融合结果产生不利影响.基于MARG传感器组成的微型姿态解算系统,提出了一种消除外界磁场干扰的抗磁干扰算法,有效地对存在磁场干扰时的姿态解算融...