Optimal power flow by BAT search algorithm for generation reallocation with unified power flow controller

Optimal power flow with generation reallocation is a suitable method for better utilization of the existing system. In recent years, Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices, have led to the development of controllers that provide controllability and flexibility for power transmission. Out of the FACTS devices unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a versatile device, capable of controlling the power system parameters like voltage magnitude, phase angle and line impedance individually or simultaneously. The main aim of this paper is to minimize real power losses in a power system using BAT search algorithm without and with the presence of UPFC. Minimization of real power losses is done by considering the power generated by generator buses, voltage magnitudes at generator buses and reactive power injection from reactive power compensators. The proposed BAT algorithm based Optimal Power Flow (OPF) has been tested on a 5 bus test system and modified IEEE 30 bus system without and with UPFC. The results of the system with and without UPFC are compared in terms of active power losses in the transmission line using BAT algorithm. The obtained results are also compared with Genetic algorithm (GA).     

考虑柔性交流输电系统设备控制的校正型安全约束最优潮流

为提升安全约束最优潮流调度的经济性与安全性,提出一种基于直流潮流的考虑柔性交流输电系统(FACTS)设备控制的校正型安全约束最优潮流模型。在线路故障发生后,通过FACTS设备校正措施,将线路潮流控制在其容许范围内。由于所提模型为大规模的非凸、非线性优化问题,难以直接求解,因此先采用大M法,将原非线性优化模型转换为混合整数线性规化模型,并采用Benders分解算法将转换后的模型分解为基态最优潮流主问题与N-1故障校验子问题。通过固定整数变量的方法,将非凸的混合整数优化子问题转换为线性规划子问题,从而能向主问题返回对应的Benders割。6节点系统与IEEE RTS-79节点系统算例验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。结果表明,考虑FACTS设备校正控制的安全约束最优潮流能有效提升调度运行的经济性。     

多可控串补自适应协调控制设计

采用多可控串联补偿器（thyristor controlled series compensation,TCSC）联合运行可提高线路功率传输能力,但多TCSC联合运行时所存在的交互影响可能导致系统暂态稳定性下降。设计一种新的自适应控制方案,动态自适应调整多个TCSC联合运行时的参数,以规避多TCSC的负交互影响。利用能量函数分析多TCSC协调控制规律,然后通过微分观测器引入微分信号,再将专家控制和神经网络引入自适应控制,动态调整PID（proportion integral differential）参数。通过在一个装设2台TCSC的4机2区域系统的仿真验证,并和PI控制、BP-PI控制进行对比,结果表明,所设计的自适应控制器在提高系统暂态稳定性方面,具有一定的优越性。     

Reduced order H∞ TCSC controller & PSO optimized fuzzy PSS design in mitigating small signal oscillations in a wide range

This paper proposes hybrid control schemes for compensation of parametric and non-parametric uncertainties arising in modern power systems. The robust loop shaping design procedure considering non-parametric uncertainty term is used to design H_∞ TCSC. To further enhance steady state stability, and consider the effect of parametric uncertainties occurring due to variation in loading conditions, robust TCSC is supplemented with three types of PSS i.e. PSO-PID PSS, PSO Mamdani FPSS and PSO TS FPSS. PSO is used to optimize the parameters of PID based and Fuzzy type PSS. The proposed hybrid control schemes are found to compensate uncertainty well by stabilizing the power system over whole parametric uncertainty range. However, the proposed hybrid controller involving robust TCSC and PSO-Takagi–Sugeno FPSS shows best performance with enhanced steady state stability among all schemes. Also the T–S FPSS performs better as compared to Mamdani FPSS.     

Limitations,challenges, and solution approaches in grid-connected renewable energy systems

In the modern world, only conventional energy resources cannot fulfil the growing energy demand. Electricity is a fundamental building block of a technological revolution. Today, most of the electricity demand is met by the burning of fossil fuels but at the cost of adverse environmental impact. In order to bridge the gap between electricity demand and supply, nonconventional and eco-friendly means of energy generation are considered. Renewable energy systems (RESs) offer an adequate solution to mitigate the challenges originated due to greenhouse gasses (GHG). However, they have an unpredictable power generation with specific site requirements. Grid integration of RESs may lead to new challenges related to power quality, reliability, power system stability, harmonics, subsynchronous oscillations (SSOs), power quality, and reactive power compensation. The integration with energy storage systems (ESSs) can reduce these complexities that arise due to the intermittent nature of RESs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of renewable energy sources has been presented. Application of ESSs in RESs and their development phase has been discussed. Role of ESSs in increasing lifetime, efficiency, and energy density of power system having RESs has been reviewed. Moreover, different techniques to solve the critical issues like low efficiency, harmonics, and inertia reduction in photovoltaic (PV) systems have been presented. Unlike most of the available review papers, this article also investigates the impact of FACTS technology in RESs-based power system using multitype flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers. Three simulation models have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show that FACTS devices help to maintain the stability of RESs integrated power system. This review paper is believed to be of potential benefit for researchers from both the industry and academia to develop better understanding of challenges and solution techniques for REs-based power systems and future research dimensions in this area.     

分叉理论与Matcont在含FACTS装置的电力系统电压稳定性分析中的应用研究

随着非线性科学理论研究的发展,分叉理论作为研究非线性系统的新方法被引入电压稳定研究中。简要介绍了分叉的基本概念和主要分叉点类型,然后以基于Matlab的分叉分析软件包Matcont为工具,应用分叉理论,对典型的不含FACTS装置和含FACTS装置进行电压稳定的分析。最后重点对Matcont得出的数据进行了详细的分析,研究发现,通过添加FACTS装置,可以有效减少分叉点数量,增加负荷极限,从而提高了系统电压稳定性。     

电力系统稳定器对次同步振荡的影响及其机制研究

采用测试信号法,在普通交流系统、含静止无功补偿（static var compensator,SVC）的系统、含可控串联补偿（thyristor controlled series capacitor,TCSC）的系统中,研究速度反馈型（以△ω为输入）和功率反馈型（以-△Pe为输入）电力系统稳定器（power system stabilizer,PSS）对次同步振荡阻尼特性的影响规律,得到速度反馈型PSS对次同步振荡影响较大,而功率反馈型PSS对次同步振荡几乎没有影响的结论;从PSS输入信号、相位补偿特性及PSS增益3个角度研究PSS对次同步振荡产生影响的机制：引入“次同步振荡响应比”的概念分析△ω和△Pe的动态响应,并通过频域分析研究相位补偿环节的补偿特性及放大增益的影响。结果表明,速度反馈信号中次同步分量较大以及超前环节对次同步频率信号的放大作用是导致速度反馈型PSS对次同步振荡影响较大的主要原因。     

基于本地测量信号的TCSC抑制次同步振荡附加控制

越来越多的柔性交流输电系统（FACTS）装置应用于电网,成为可能的次同步振荡激发源,严重的次同步振荡将直接导致大型汽轮发电机组转子轴系的严重破坏,危及电力系统的安全运行。为了有效抑制次同步振荡,文中设计了基于测量阻抗提升系数（本地测量信号）的可控串联补偿（TCSC）控制次同步振荡方法,并通过建立包含火电机组的TCSC系...     

互联电力系统低频振荡的广域Prony分析

基于广域测量系统及机电扰动的传播特性提出了低频振荡模式辨识新思想:在各供电区域选择一台发电机,在某一时刻同时在其机端施加一个小扰动,然后同时对每个区域的发电机电功率信号进行Prony分析,依据振荡的幅值可准确得出所有机电振荡模式.采用基于Prony分析的留数法可得到各发电机对振荡模式的参与程度.基于此提出低频振荡的广域Prony分析方案,由数据预处理、模型阶数选取、振荡模式分析、模式留数分析、预测分析等模块构成,可准确辨识出低频振荡所有模式、确定阻尼控制器的选取和PSS最优安装地点,同时可为电力系统的紧急控制提供必要的预测数据.