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1.
利用FTIR、XRD研究了抚顺油页岩(OS)的组成结构,TG⁃MS分析了过渡金属盐催化剂(页岩灰作为载体负载NiCl2•6H2O、CuCl2•2H2O、ZnCl2)对OS热解的催化作用和挥发分析出的影响规律,采用Coats⁃Redfern模型分析过渡金属盐催化剂对OS热解活化能的影响。结果表明,OS中矿物质主要由石英、硅铝酸盐和少量的碳酸盐组成,有机质主要是脂肪族化合物。三种过渡金属盐催化剂对OS热解均有促进作用,且OS单独热解时,在390.1~581.8 ℃快速热解,占总失重的76.19%。动力学分析结果表明,过渡金属盐催化剂能降低OS热解所需的活化能,其中NiCl2•6H2O降低OS热解活化能的能力最高(18.7 kJ/mol),比OS单独热解活化能降低了23.55%。过渡金属盐催化剂的催化活性由高到低排序为NiCl2•6H2O>CuCl2•2H2O>ZnCl2。此外,过渡金属盐催化剂还能促使OS热解发生挥发分的裂化、芳构化和焦化等反应,从而提高挥发分中脂肪烃(以烷烃、烯烃为代表)和芳香烃浓度。  相似文献   
2.
Standardization of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) fingerprint region for paints and assessment on the reproducibility using different spectrophotometers were investigated. While selective fingerprint regions may be confusing for technicians/analysts who are non-chemists, we attempt to generalize these regions (e.g., 1300–1000 cm−1 for Epoxy part A and 1400–1000 cm−1 for Epoxy part B) by choosing a universal region (2000–900 cm−1) that works for different paints. Comparison result using a paired student t-test shows that the degree of similarity (r) values from the studied regions are not statistically different. The paint fails the screening analysis occasionally on-site when analyzed using handheld FTIR due to the higher level of noise that gives low r values (r < 0.900 ± 0.002). The same samples were analyzed using a benchtop FTIR and the r values are above 0.900 ± 0.002. While the screening may lead to a false rejection of the sample on-site, there could be occurrence of false acceptance. The on-site screening of EPZ part A with different formulations, for instance, shows that the r values over the entire IR spectrum are above 0.900 ± 0.002 when analyzed using handheld FTIR. After the samples were analyzed using the benchtop, the r values fall below 0.900 ± 0.002.  相似文献   
3.
The thermal degradation of unstabilized polypropylene has been investigated under long-term processing (twin extruder) and thermal aging at 150°C, with additive concentration studies on combinations of an established hindered phenolic antioxidant (pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate) [S1010] and two popular thioesters (distearyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate [DSTDP] and didodecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate [DLTDP]) using melt flow rate, carbonyl index and powder diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (oxidation induction time [OIT]) and ultimate embrittlement time (Fracture) on injection-molded test pieces. It was found that 20:80 phenol:thioester ratios provided the best long-term thermal stability (LTTS); however, this was the reverse for processing stabilization (80:20), underlining the antioxidant nature of the two stabilizers (long term vs. melt). Melt preblending of the stabilizers (to form a no-dust blend) gave rise to improved LTTS. DRIFTS FTIR indicated that there was an improvement in preblending the additives, which removed any volatile impurities. Increased additive dispersion and localized potential efficacy in the stabilization cycle is important, as well as possible improved addition of the additives to the extruder rather than fine powder. The data are discussed in relation to the long-term stabilization of polypropylene in high-temperature applications such as under the bonnet of automobiles where minimizing stabilizer losses and maximizing synergy are important.  相似文献   
4.
本文通过多次催化酯交换方法,研究了最优催化条件下脂肪酶活性和结构的关系,以及低活性脂肪酶的活性再生技术。在催化合成1,3-二油酸-2-棕榈酸甘油三酯的研究中,利用荧光光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱,分析最优条件下不同使用次数脂肪酶的三级与二级结构,研究脂肪酶活性变化与其二级、三级结构之间的关系。使用异丙醇和混合油脂处理脂肪酶,使低活性脂肪酶的活性得以恢复。研究结果表明:随着脂肪酶活性的降低,脂肪酶荧光强度增强,氨基酸暴露面积逐渐增大,在二级结构中,α-螺旋含量降低,β-折叠含量逐渐增加。通过异丙醇处理,脂肪酶活性恢复到原脂肪酶的75.00%;再经混合油脂处理,脂肪酶活性恢复到原脂肪酶的96.60%,实现了高效催化恢复活性的目的。  相似文献   
5.
针对传统工艺制备新疆馕的不足之处,采用烤箱方式制备馕,并对自制馕和5种市售馕的氨基酸成分、风味物质和红外光谱进行分析。结果表明,所有样品中共有17种氨基酸,其中自制馕的总氨基酸含量均高于市售的馕,且市售馕之间也存在差异(P<0.05);自制馕和市售馕中共有18种风味物质,与市售馕相比,酮类、酯类和有机酸化合物在自制馕中未发现;傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer,FTIR)分析显示自制馕中部分基本官能团特征峰的强度略低于市售馕,且峰位置没有变化,自制馕与市售馕之间的二级结构均以β-折叠和β-转角含量为主,但二级结构的百分含量有所差异,从而馕的品质也有所不同。  相似文献   
6.
The heat production and thermal storage characteristics of rapid-preparation amorphous powder activated coke (RAC) were investigated. RAC was prepared by using a drop-tube reactor system. The natural oxidation characteristics of RAC were studied through combined TG–FTIR analysis and temperature-programmed experiment. Experimental results showed that CO and CO2 were the main oxidation products of RAC in air, and that the oxidation reaction was in accordance with the Arrhenius equation and law of mass action. Thermal storage characteristics were studied through computational fluid dynamics simulation. The maximum excess temperature θmax increases linearly with the increase of the initial temperature. The concentration fields of the products show that CO2 is mainly concentrated in the upper part of the coke bin, and the CO generated by CO2 at high temperature is mainly concentrated in the central part of the coke bin.  相似文献   
7.
This paper reports an investigation on the structure-properties correlation of trivalent metal oxide (Al2O3)-doped V2O5 ceramics synthesized by the melt-quench technique. XRD patterns confirmed a single orthorhombic V2O5 phase formation with increasing strain on the doping of Al2O3 in place of V2O5 in the samples estimated by Williamson-Hall analysis. FTIR and Raman investigations revealed a structural change as [VO5] polyhedra converts into [VO4] polyhedra on the doping of Al2O3 into V2O5. The optical band gap was found in a wide semiconductor range as confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy analysis. The thermal and conductivity behavior of the prepared samples were studied using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and impedance analyzer, respectively. All the prepared ceramics exhibit good DC conductivity (0.22–0.36 Sm-1) at 400 ?C. These materials can be considered for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC)/battery applications due to their good conductivity and good thermal stability.  相似文献   
8.
The correlations between structural and optical properties of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were analyzed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The magnetite was synthesised from the iron sand using NaOH, HCl, and NaCl as a solvent. From the quantitative analysis of XRD spectra, the crystallite size (D), strain (ε), stress (σ), energy deformation (u), porosity, and specific surface area were determined. The Kramers Kronig (K–K) relations was applied to the FTIR spectra to determine the optical properties: refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), the complex dielectric function (ε), and the energy loss function (Im(-1/ε)). The uniform strain was produced from the NaOH and HCl as the solvent. The magnetite had higher porosity with NaCl as a solvent and was directly proportional to the optical phonon vibration. We found a perfect correlation; when the difference between two optical phonon increases, the crystallite size decreases, and the strain will be uniform.  相似文献   
9.
10.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(22):33177-33184
The rare earth (Yb3+) substituted W-type hexagonal ferrites with composition CaPb2-xYbxFe16O27 (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) were synthesized by a facile and cost-effective sol-gel auto combustion method with post heat treatment. The synthesized hexagonal ferrites were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques, and an impedance analyzer was used to investigate the effects of Ytterbium on structural, magnetic, spectral and dielectric properties. The relationship between their impedance, structure and dielectric properties was investigated. The X-ray diffraction patterns verify the presence of single-phase W-type hexagonal ferrites. Physical properties such as Dbulk (bulk density), Dxrd (X-ray density), and P (porosity) of the CaPb2-xYbxFe16O27 W-type hexagonal ferrites were calculated. The bulk density of all the samples was decreased, and X-ray intensity was increased with the Ytterbium replacement in the W-type hexaferrite. By adding Yb3+ ions, the lattice parameters, cell volume and X-ray density were reduced due to the substitution of ytterbium with smaller ionic radii compared to the lead ion with large ionic radii. The AC-conductivity was increased from (1.523 × 10?5 to 6.699 × 10?5) Ωcm?1. The dielectric constant and tangent loss was found to decrease substantially. The magnetic properties were found to enhance by the substitution of Yb3+. The low coercivity value of Yb3+ substituted W-type hexagonal ferrites are suitable for magnetic recording media operated at a high-frequency regime. The enhancement of electrical, dielectric and magnetic characteristics suggests these materials as promising for multi-layer chip inductors (MLCIs) circuit applications.  相似文献   
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