Stationary and traveling hot spots in the catalytic combustion of hydrogen in monoliths

In the course of catalytic combustion of hydrogen (1-5% H₂ in air) in monolith reactors, strongly localized stationary and traveling hot spots arise in response to a sudden and persistent rise of gas flow velocity. Such hot spots may occur, e.g. in a catalytic converter following the acceleration of a car or in a catalytic combustor as a result of a load increase. This phenomenon is illustrated by simulations using a two-phase reactor model. The temperature overshoot of the adiabatic limit is typically of the order of the adiabatic temperature rise itself.The following mechanism underlies this behavior. Light fuel is supplied to the catalytic wall by fast diffusion (in the direction perpendicular to flow), while the heat released by reaction is removed from the wall by the slower, mixture-averaged heat conduction. This leads to accumulation of heat at the catalytic surface that eventually saturates at high temperatures. The hot spots may exhibit intricate dynamics, propagating downstream or upstream, or they may remain stationary. The direction of propagation depends on the relative strength of convective downstream and conductive upstream contributions to the overall displacement of reaction fronts. Generally, the hot spot tends to drift downstream at low flow velocities, remain stationary at intermediate flow velocities, and drift upstream at high flow velocities.     

无源软开关电路拓扑的研究

提出一个研究无源软开关电路的新技术方法;其特征是对基本的单管隔离型PWM DC/DC变换器进行类比分析,由此直接导出可行的缓冲能量再生复位电路.该新方法能使DC/DC PWM硬开关变换器转变为软开关变换器.以新型Boost无源软开关变换器为例,进行了电路理论分析与中功率样机的实验测试;结果表明此新变换器具有较宽的软开关工作范围、较低的电应力、较小的缓冲元件量值等特点.由此认为,这种研究方法推导简单、物理意义清晰,还能深入地研究无源软开关的新电路拓扑.     

VSC—HVDC系统的控制策略及其仿真研究

建立了VSC-HVDC系统的数学模型,基于鲁棒控制理论,将系统对VSC-HVDC的控制目标转化为对其交流侧有功和无功电流的控制来实现,并进行了控制方案设计．仿真实验表明所设计的控制器能够快速反应达到预定的指令目标,具有良好的鲁棒性．     

高压直流偏磁对变压器的影响及抑制方法研究

宁东±660 kV直流输电工程在单极大地方式下会使接地极附近的变压器产生直流偏磁现象,直流偏磁是变压器的一种非正常工作状态,严重时可危及电网的安全运行.以串联电容法为技术基础的变压器中性点直流电流隔离接地装置的研制与开发,合理运用了氧化锌阀组和大容量快速开关作为电容器的双重保护,可以有效地阻断变压器中性点直流电流的流入,避免变压器直流偏磁显现的发生,保证了电网安全稳定运行.     

基于状态反馈线性化法的多馈入高压直流输电系统控制器设计

高压直流输电（HVDC）系统的附加控制器可以改善系统的稳定性。针对多馈入高压直流输电系统,应用非线性控制理论中的状态反馈线性化法设计了直流系统的附加控制器。首先建立了多馈入高压直流输电系统的数学模型,然后推导出稳定控制规律,推导过程中考虑了2条直流系统附加控制的相互影响,最后以一个3机和2条直流线路构成的系统为例进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明：与传统控制器相比,该控制器能更好地改善系统的稳定性。     

Robust grid‐oriented control of high voltage DC links embedded in an AC transmission system

Several studies have shown that the way to design controllers for the high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) links impacts the transient behavior of the electric system in which the latter are inserted. This can be exploited to improve the performances of the stability of the power system. In this paper, a robust multivariable control design for the converters of an HVDC link is proposed. It is based on the coordination of the control actions of the HVDC converters and the use of a control model. The latter takes into consideration, in addition to the dynamics that mostly impact the stability of the neighbor zone of the HVDC link, several cases of faulted situations modeled as uncertainties. An H_∞ controller allowed us to achieve robustness against such uncertainties. The new controller is tested in comparison with the standard vector control and an optimal linear quadratic controller using the EUROSTAG simulation software (Tractebel Engineering, Brussels, Belgium and Réseau de Transport d'Electricité (RTE) ‐ France) on both academic and realistic large‐scale power systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The experimental research of a digital sampling signal converter

The sensitivity and rise time of a transient characteristic of a digital sampling signal converter are experimentally researched. The sampling converter is built at a clocked tunnel-diode comparator.     

PLC在对缠机自动控制系统中的应用研究

详细介绍了对缠机的工作原理和硬、软件设计思想,通过S7-200PLC对变频器和步进电机的控制实现主动鼓轮的闭环速度控制、被动鼓轮跟随张力变频调速和自动排缆等功能。本系统在提高排缆质量的前提下,有效解决了收缆和排缆过程的统一问题,实验证明本系统具有很好的应用价值。     

基于级联多电平换流器的两级式储能系统控制策略

储能技术是构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统的关键技术和维持微网可靠稳定运行的重要保证。国内外现有理论研究及示范工程主要集中于单级式链式储能系统,功率模块与电池系统之间无源连接,结构简单但控制自由度不高。同时,针对基于链式储能的电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡问题,现有的相内SOC均衡控制策略存在不同负载率适应性不足、极度不均衡时可能过调制等缺点,为此,文中基于两级式链式储能系统,研究其总体控制策略,对相间、相内SOC均衡策略进行分析,并提出一种自适应的相内SOC均衡策略,详细说明均衡控制参数的设计原则。该策略能有效地改善链式储能系统在轻载、重载等不同工况下的适应性和均衡效果。最终通过仿真验证了所提控制策略的可行性和有效性,从而为工程实施提供理论储备和技术支撑。     

基于直流电流动态上升的高压直流输电系统换相失败分析

针对现有换相失败分析方法未考虑交流系统故障后直流电流动态上升对关断角影响的问题,在分析直流电流变化对关断角影响的基础上,首先推导了对称故障下未考虑直流电流变化以及考虑直流电流瞬时变化的换相失败分析方法。分析结果表明,当逆变侧换流母线电压跌落在一定区间内,以上2种方法会导致换相失败判别结果不准确。为此考虑交流系统故障后直流线路和直流控制的动态过程,推导了直流电流的时域表达式,通过求解直流电流最大值,提出了一种考虑直流电流动态上升的换相失败分析方法。最后基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台验证了所提方法的有效性以及对高压直流输电系统换相失败判别结果的正确性。