Experimental research on combined effect of obstacle and local spraying water fog on hydrogen/air premixed explosion

In order to reveal the mechanism of water fog explosion suppression and research the combined effect of water fog and obstacle on hydrogen/air deflagration, multiple sets of experiments were set up. The results show that the instability of thermal diffusion under lean combustion conditions is the main influencing factor of hydrogen/air flame surface instability, and the existence of water fog will aggravate the hydrogen/air flame surface instability. When obstacle is not considered, 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog can significantly reduce the flame velocity and explosion overpressure of hydrogen/air, 45 μm fine water fog plays the opposite role. When considering the relative position of the water fog release position and the obstacle, the 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog has almost no suppression effect when released near the obstacle, but a significant suppression effect occur, when using the 45 μm water fog. In the field of theoretical research, the research results not only provide an experimental basis for the fine water fog to reduce the consequences of hydrogen explosion accidents, and the optimal diameter range used by the water fog, but also provide experimental reference for the numerical simulation of hydrogen/air explosion suppression in semi-open space, and promote the development of hydrogen explosion suppression theory. In terms of engineering applications, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of fire fighting equipment in the engine room of nuclear power plants or hydrogen-powered ships.     

Harmonic generation in transition metal dichalcogenides and their heterostructures

Few layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), with an absence of crystal inversion symmetry and outstanding optical characteristics, are frequently applied in studies of nonlinear optics (NLO) for harmonic generation. Related materials are regarded as potential candidates for many optoelectronics applications. In order to enhance and manipulate the intrinsically weak NLO responses, TMD’s have been fabricated into heterostructures in recent years. The basic physics of harmonic generation and of TMD optical responses, as well as the interactions in TMD hybrid structures are introduced briefly, and the current state-of-the-art in the performance of TMDs in harmonic generation are reviewed. A particular focus is made on heterostructure studies to enhance and manipulate the response, which represent the core issues for devices and applications.     

Explosion characteristics and suppression of hybrid Mg/H2 mixtures

In the production of magnesium hydride, hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures has a risk of explosion; therefore, systematic experiments were conducted to study its explosion characteristics and suppression. According to the results, the maximum rate of explosion pressure rise (dP/dt)_max of hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures was more the twice than that of pure Mg. Five common explosion suppressants were individually added to hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures to inhibit dust explosion. Na₂CO₃, CaCO₃, and (NH₄)₂HPO₃ exhibited great inhibitory abilities for hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures explosion; however, melamine–cyanurate acid (MCA) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) could stimulate the explosion. The mechanisms underlying MCA and MPP promotion of the hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures explosion were determined, namely the high concentration of flammable gases, such as ammonia, released after their thermal decomposition. These gases can ignite and intensify the explosion of hybrid Mg/H₂ mixtures. This study provides a reference for reducing the risk in the H₂ storage system of Mg.     

Suppression of hydrogen-air explosions by isobutene with special molecular structure

Effects of isobutene (i-C₄H₈) with the unique molecular structure on hydrogen explosions are investigated in a 14 L spherical chamber at 100 kPa and 298 K. The results reveal that for lean hydrogen-air mixtures, the maximum explosion overpressure, maximum pressure rise rate, and de?agration index show a trend from rise to decline. However, for stoichiometric and rich hydrogen-air mixtures, pressure parameters decrease monotonously with increasing i-C₄H₈. The chemical suppression mechanism of i-C₄H₈ on hydrogen explosions is revealed in detail by numerical simulation. The relevant analyses show that i-C₄H₈ can not only change the chain reaction path and cut off the hydrogen-oxygen reaction, but also strengthen the consumption of oxygen and H radicals. This work will provide a novel theoretical foundation for hydrogen explosion prevention and control.     

A multi-objective approach to optimal placement and sizing of multiple active power filters using a music-inspired algorithm

This paper proposes a new multi-objective framework for optimal placement and sizing of the active power filters (APFs) with satisfactory and acceptable standard levels. total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage, harmonic transmission line loss (HTLL), motor load loss function (MLLF), and total APFs currents are the four objectives considered in the optimization, while harmonic distortions within standard level, and maximum allowable APF size, are modeled as constraints. The proposed model is one of non-convex optimization problem having a non-linear, mixed-integer nature. Since, a new modified harmony search algorithm (MHSA) is used and followed by a min–max technique in order to obtain the final optimal solution. The harmony search algorithm is a recently developed optimization algorithm, which imitates the music improvisation process. In this process, the Harmonists improvise their instrument pitches searching for the perfect state of harmony. The newly developed method has been applied on the IEEE 18-bus test system and IEEE 30-bus test system by different scenarios and cases to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The detailed results of the case studies are presented and thoroughly analyzed. The obtained results illustrate the sufficiency and profitableness of the newly developed method in the placement and sizing of the multiple active power filters, when compared with other methods.     

轻载装载机变速箱振动特性分析与试验

为了给装载机变速箱减振降噪提供依据,通过集中参数和有限元法相结合的方式对变速箱进行振动分析。综合考虑液力变矩器激励、齿轮系统内部激励等因素,建立装载机变速箱传动系统的弯-扭耦合动力学模型,求解得到各轴承的动态支反力;建立箱体有限元模型,进行模态分析,以轴承动态支反力为激励,在模态的基础上进行箱体谐响应分析,得到箱体在激励下的振动响应,选择箱体表面的振动测点,分析测点的振动加速度,找到并分析振动峰值及对应振型;最后进行变速箱振动试验,验证仿真的正确性。结果表明：传动系统的激励主要集中在输入和输出平行轴齿轮处,传动系统和箱体振动的峰值频率均和齿轮啮合频率相近,变速箱箱体振动较大的位置位于箱体的底部。试验与仿真对比,试验中存在和仿真相近的峰值频率,仿真和试验所得的振动加速度均方根误差值小于20%,验证了仿真的正确性。     

环形配电网的分频调节阻性有源电力滤波器位置策略

通过理论分析环形配电网的谐波放大原理,对比安装在线路中点且阻抗匹配的阻性有源电力滤波器(RAPF)和对称安装在不同位置的分频调节RAPF的抑制效果,提出了一种适用于环形配电网的分频调节RAPF的位置策略。若线路长度小于谐波波长的1/2,靠近线路中点的对称位置为最优安装位置;若线路长度大于谐波波长的1/2,距谐波源1/4波长的对称位置为最优安装位置。与安装在线路中点且阻抗匹配的RAPF相比,安装在最优位置的分频调节RAPF,当其电导增益≥匹配的电导时,均能有效地衰减谐波,获得更好的抑制效果;且电导增益越大,谐波抑制效果越好。同时,该方案对线路参数的改变具有更好的适应性。仿真和实验结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

基于ANSYS有限元法的某型车床主轴振动频率响应分析

Making an analysis for vibration modal and frequency response of the lathe spindle, respectively by using finite element method based on ANSYS and experiment of CA6140 type lathe in machining, and the calculation results are compared and analyzed, which verified the accuracy of ANSYS method. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that: Spindle in the first order and fifth order are prone to resonance, but did not reach resonance, the low order natural frequency have more effect than the high order natural frequency of the spindle vibration; by the experiments can conclude that the maximum vibration of the main shaft in the working state is mainly concentrated in the vicinity of its two ends, therefore, the improved bearing is an important way to reduce the vibration of the main shaft and ensure the machining accuracy, and the research results can provide a theoretical reference for the structural optimization design of the lathe.     

基于ABAQUS的三轴立式镗铣加工中心动态特性分析

以辛辛那提750为例,研究三轴立式镗铣加工中心的动态特性,根据有限元模型分析方法建立模型后进行模态特性分析机床各阶振动模态的特点,找到了机床结构上薄弱环节;在此薄弱环节上选取一点进行谐响应分析,计算出机床上最大激振力误差以及相应的特征频率。结果表明:机床结构的主轴箱位移量较大,激振力频率与机床结构第十阶固有频率接近时容易发生共振。     

基于范成原理的CTC谐波齿轮传动柔轮齿廓的参数化设计与仿真

主要对圆弧-渐开线-圆弧(CTC)齿形谐波齿轮传动的柔轮进行参数化设计与仿真。首先对刀具的基准齿形进行设计,其次根据范成原理可得出与之共轭的柔轮齿形,最终基于MATLAB软件实现了柔轮齿形的参数化设计与仿真。