Iron Loss Calculation of AC Filter Inductor for Three‐Phase PWM Inverters

In recent years, remarkable advancement of new power semiconductor devices, such as SiC and GaN, enables the increase of switching frequency of power converters, and hence the volume of passive components, such as ac filters and transformers, can be reduced. However, temperature rise caused by the inductor loss is increasing, and hence iron loss evaluation of the inductor is one of the most important issues to realize high power density converters. Conventionally, an improved generalized Steinmetz equation (iGSE) has proposed in order to calculate the iron loss under a pulse voltage magnetizing condition. However, accurate iron loss calculation of the ac filter inductor used in a PWM inverter cannot be realized. The authors have proposed two methods of iron loss evaluation of ac filter inductors. The first one is a loss map method which can calculate the iron loss without using a real PWM inverter. Another one is an ILA (Inductor Loss Analyzer) which can measure the iron loss in every switching period in a real PWM inverter. In this paper, comparisons of the iron loss between the ILA and the loss map method on both the single‐phase and three‐phase inverters are studied. It is found that iron loss of the ac filter inductor in the three‐phase PWM inverter which is calculated by the loss map method cause a large error on a specific condition. In order to prevent the calculation error, the authors proposed a revised loss map method and proved the effectiveness of the method.     

Integrated circuit and system design for renewable energy inverters

This study proposes that a novel integrated circuit (IC) and system design for renewable energy inverters can harvest renewable energy to power direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) loads. In addition, an intelligent synthesis and management tool is developed to design the proposed system and to judge the system’s operational maintenance decisions. Finally, a renewable energy inverter’s information is posted to an online system. Users can obtain the proposed system’s information at any time and place. The accurate and superior performance of the proposed IC and system is confirmed by computer simulations and experimental results.     

Verification of Iron Loss Calculation Method Using a High‐Precision Iron Loss Analyzer

Because of the improved performance of power devices, the volume of the ac filter inductors used in high‐frequency PWM inverters has been reduced. However, the temperature rise in the filter inductor due to this miniaturization has become more pronounced. Therefore, we have proposed an iron loss calculation method for the ac filter inductor. However, the accuracy of the value calculated via the loss map method cannot be verified, because the iron loss arising during each switching period cannot be measured with conventional power measuring instruments. In order to resolve this problem, we developed an inductor loss analyzer (ILA), which allows precise measurement of the iron loss in the inductor during each switching period. The accuracy of the calculation of iron loss in the filter inductor by the loss map method was verified with the ILA. We found that the value calculated by the loss map method differed slightly from the value measured with the ILA. However, these differences can be reduced if we take into account the accurate flux density calculation and the effect of the duty ratio of PWM pulses on the loss. Finally, we verified that the loss map method can provide accurate iron loss calculations.     

A New Design Methodology for Time-Based Capacitance-to-Digital Converters (T-CDCs)

This paper introduces a 9-bit time-based capacitance-to-digital converter (T-CDC). This T-CDC adopts a new design methodology for parasitic cancellation with a simple calibration technique. In T-CDCs, the input sensor capacitance is first converted into a delay pulse using a capacitance-to-time converter (CTC) circuit; then this delay signal is converted into a digital code through a time-to-digital converter (TDC) circuit. A prototype of the proposed T-CDC is implemented in UMC 0.13 μm CMOS technology. This T-CDC consumes 8.42 μW and achieves a maximum SNR of 45.14 dB with a conversion time of 1 μs that corresponds to a figure of merit (FoM) of 16.4 fJ/Conv.     

基于电流谐波优化的混合脉宽调制策略

受轨道车辆牵引功率大、开关频率低的限制,牵引传动系统多采用低频区异步调制,基频以上单脉冲调制的脉宽调制方式,且在中频过渡区通常需采用优化同步调制以达到改善变流器输出特性的目的。电流谐波最小脉宽调制技术(CHMPWM)是优化同步调制的一种,它以电机电流谐波整体最优为目标进行调制,有助于高性能电流闭环控制的实现,近年来受到广泛关注。对基于电流谐波优化的混合脉宽调制策略展开研究,首先分析CHMPWM的开关角求解方法及不同开关角分布方式对其性能的影响,并从电流谐波、转矩脉动等方面与特定谐波消除脉宽调制技术(SHEPWM)进行对比;然后完成基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)构架的混合脉宽调制技术,并实现不同调制模式间的平滑过渡。最后对所提方法进行仿真和实验验证。     

一种新型宽范围ZVS三电平全桥DC/DC变换器

现有的DC/DC变换器存在以下缺点:低功率、低效率和很差的负载适应能力。对此提出了一种新型全桥三电平DC/DC可控源电路,高频变压器的副边有三组绕组,为了提高输出电流,采用两个降压绕组并联整流输出;可控源电路采用不对称移相PWM控制方式,换流电感串接在第三个降压绕组上,空载或轻载时换流电感向滞后桥臂提供换流能量,保证在整个功率范围内实现软开关。通过实验验证提出的DC/DC变换器具有输入电压高、宽范围实现ZVS、高效率的优点。     

基于重复和PR复合控制的单相PWM整流器的研究

如何减少交流侧电流谐波对电网的影响,是PWM整流器控制的关键问题。针对谐波产生的主要原因,提出了基于重复和PR的复合控制策略。PR控制实现了对正弦电流的无静差跟踪,重复控制利用其内模实现了对谐波扰动的记忆和修正。并基于MATLAB对单相PWM整流器进行了仿真,对比了PR控制、重复控制和基于重复和PR复合控制三种方案的仿真和实验结果,复合控制策略使得交流侧电流谐波少、动态响应快,对电网谐波扰动有更好的抑制效果。     

状态反馈解耦附加PI控制策略的仿真研究

为了克服传统串级调速功率因数低及能量损耗大等固有缺点,提出了一种基于状态反馈解耦附加PI控制策略的改进型串级调速系统.深入分析了电压型PWM逆变器数学模型,并对所采用的控制策略的数学表达式进行了详细推导.加之斩波电路的IGBT选用的转速与电流双闭环PI控制,最终得到了系统控制图.最后在MATLAB/Simulink软件中进行了仿真.仿真结果证实,该控制策略不仅具有良好的动态、静态特性,而且能够实现提高功率因数、减少谐波及节约能源的目标.     

电压型PWM串级调速系统控制策略的研究

针对传统串级调速系统谐波污染严重、功率因数低等固有的缺点,设计了基于PWM逆变器的电压型串级调速系统.对dq坐标系下PWM逆变器的数学模型进行详细推导.为消除系统的耦合性和非线性选用精确线性化解耦附加变结构的控制策略,并对控制规律的构建过程加以推导.加上斩波电路的IGBT选用的转速电流双闭环PI控制,得到系统的控制图.最后利用MATLAB对控制策略的有效性进行仿真,结果表明系统不仅能够实现平滑无极调速,而且提高了功率因数、滤除了谐波、节约了能源.