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1.
Haiyue Xu Ji Zou Weimin Wang Hao Wang Wei Ji Zhengyi Fu 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(1):635-645
Fully dense ceramics with retarded grain growth can be attained effectively at relatively low temperatures using a high-pressure sintering method. However, there is a paucity of in-depth research on the densification mechanism, grain growth process, grain boundary characterization, and residual stress. Using a strong, reliable die made from a carbon-fiber-reinforced carbon (Cf/C) composite for spark plasma sintering, two kinds of commercially pure α-Al2O3 powders, with average particle sizes of 220 nm and 3 μm, were sintered at relatively low temperatures and under high pressures of up to 200 MPa. The sintering densification temperature and the starting threshold temperature of grain growth (Tsg) were determined by the applied pressure and the surface energy relative to grain size, as they were both observed to increase with grain size and to decrease with applied pressure. Densification with limited grain coarsening occurred under an applied pressure of 200 MPa at 1050 °C for the 220 nm Al2O3 powder and 1400 °C for the 3 μm Al2O3 powder. The grain boundary energy, residual stress, and dislocation density of the ceramics sintered under high pressure and low temperature were higher than those of the samples sintered without additional pressure. Plastic deformation occurring at the contact area of the adjacent particles was proved to be the dominant mechanism for sintering under high pressure, and a mathematical model based on the plasticity mechanics and close packing of equal spheres was established. Based on the mathematical model, the predicted relative density of an Al2O3 compact can reach ~80 % via the plastic deformation mechanism, which fits well with experimental observations. The densification kinetics were investigated from the sintering parameters, i.e., the holding temperature, dwell time, and applied pressure. Diffusion, grain boundary sliding, and dislocation motion were assistant mechanisms in the final stage of sintering, as indicated by the stress exponent and the microstructural evolution. During the sintering of the 220 nm alumina at 1125 °C and 100 MPa, the deformation tends to increase defects and vacancies generation, both of which accelerate lattice diffusion and thus enhance grain growth. 相似文献
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随着僵尸网络的日益进化,检测和防范僵尸网络攻击成为网络安全研究的重要任务.现有的研究很少考虑到僵尸网络中的时序模式,并且在实时僵尸网络检测中效果不佳,也无法检测未知的僵尸网络.针对这些问题,本文提出了基于流量摘要的僵尸网络检测方法,首先将原始流数据按照源主机地址聚合,划分适当的时间窗口生成流量摘要记录,然后构建决策树、随机森林和XGBoost机器学习分类模型.在CTU-13数据集上的实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效检测僵尸流量,并且能够检测未知僵尸网络,此外,借助Spark技术也能满足现实应用中快速检测的需要. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(13):6290-6301
In this study, monolithic B4C and B4C-based ceramics incorporating FeNiCoCrMo dual-phase (FCC and BCC) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effect of additives on the densification behavior, mechanical properties, microstructures, and phase evaluation of the samples were investigated. X-ray analysis confirmed the existence of FCC structured HEA and depletion of BCC structured HEA, after high-temperature reaction between B4C-HEAs. The addition of HEAs enhanced the densification behavior by liquid phase sintering. Furthermore, hardness and fracture toughness values of the samples increased with increasing HEAs content. Fracture toughness and hardness values for all composites were higher than the monolithic B4C. A combination of the highest density (∼99.22 %) and the best mechanical properties (32.3 GPa hardness and 4.53 MPa m1/2 fracture toughness) was achieved with 2.00 vol.% HEA addition. 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(9):12800-12805
Perovskite solid solution materials, namely, 0.67BiFeO3-0.33BaTiO3, were synthesized by spark plasma sintering method. The effects of the spark plasma sintering temperature on phase purity, microstructure, and electric properties of the as-prepared materials were investigated. The materials could be referred as pseudocubic phases based on the X-ray diffraction patterns. The bulk density first increased and then decreased. The 880 °C-sintered-ceramics had the maximal density and a compact microstructure with grain size of 0.77 ± 0.34 μm. The dielectric constant as a function of temperature exhibited a broad peak. At the optimal spark-plasma-sintering temperature, enhanced ferroelectric properties were observed with a value of Pr ~ 21 μC/cm2. This investigation on the spark plasma sintering process confirms it as an efficient approach to prepare outstanding performance BiFeO3–BaTiO3 ceramics. 相似文献
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(20):30376-30383
In this study, α/β-Si3N4 composite ceramics with high hardness and toughness were fabricated by adopting two different novel ternary additives, ZrN–AlN–Al2O3/Y2O3, and spark plasma sintering at 1550 °C under 40 MPa. The phase composition, microstructure, grain distribution, crack propagation process and mechanical properties of sintered bulk were investigated. Results demonstrated that the sintered α/β-Si3N4 composite ceramics with ZrN–AlN–Al2O3 contained the most α phase, which resulted in a maximum Vickers hardness of 18.41 ± 0.31 GPa. In the α/β-Si3N4 composite ceramics with ZrN–AlN–Y2O3 additives, Zr3AlN MAX-phase and ZrO phase were found and their formation mechanisms were explained. The fracture appearance presented coarser elongated β-Si3N4 grains and denser microstructure when 20 wt% TiC particles were mixed into Si3N4 matrix, meanwhile, exhibited maximum mean grain diameter of 0.98 ± 0.24 μm. As a result, the compact α/β-Si3N4 composite ceramics containing ZrN–AlN–Y2O3 additives and TiC particles displayed the optimal bending strength and fracture toughness of 822.63 ± 28.75 MPa and 8.53 ± 0.21 MPa?m1/2, respectively. Moreover, the synergistic toughening of rod-like β-Si3N4 grains and TiC reinforced particles revealed the beneficial effect on the enhanced fracture toughness of Si3N4 ceramic matrix. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(13):6056-6066
We analysed with different methods the densification of UO2 nanopowders in SPS under constant heating rate (CHR) and isothermal sintering conditions. The apparent activation energy of densification in SPS (75 kJ/mol with CHR method) is significantly smaller than in conventional sintering. It is shown that this is likely not an effect of the applied current. We also observed a threshold stress at 64 MPa for the transition from pressure-insensitive sintering (stress exponent n≈0) to pressure-assisted sintering, suggesting that the contribution of the capillary stresses in such nanopowders is comparable with the typical stress applied in SPS. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2022,42(6):2609-2617
The influence of low content of sintering aids addition on the properties of β-SiC sintered by spark plasma sintering was studied based on X-ray diffraction and SEM observations. Three dopants, respectively Al2O3, Al2O3-Y2O3 and Al2O3-AlN were chosen, and the investigation was undertaken in the [0.5–5 wt%] content range. The analyses revealed the possibility to increase the density of sintered pellets close to 100% of theoretical density (T.D.), even with the addition of very low sintering aids contents, as low as 0.5 wt%, for each dopant. The combination with high sintering pressure allowed keeping a fine microstructure and a pristine cubic crystalline structure while avoiding the formation of secondary phases. 相似文献
9.
近地表速度模型层析反演多采用基于初至旅行时射线追踪的迭代反演方法。通常采用基于共享存储的MPI并行方式提高计算效率,但当计算节点增至一定规模时会存在网络I/O压力过大的计算瓶颈。为此,提出了一种快速、稳健的基于Spark技术的近地表速度模型层析反演方法,采用分布式内存管理技术将迭代中重复计算的数据持久化至内存中,提高程序运行效率。同时,为了解决共享存储中随着节点规模扩大而产生网络I/O堵塞的瓶颈问题,在分布式存储环境下组织弹性分布式数据集(RDD),设计基本规约单位为深度方向的一维反演数据,基于Spark Shuffle在规约过程中分布并行规约,利用Spark调度器在各个进程中分配任务,实现并行计算。实际数据计算结果表明:在反演结果精度不变的情况下,相对于常规MPI并行技术,该实现方法能够大幅度降低迭代过程中产生的网络I/O;当计算节点较多时,计算效率能够提高4倍以上;并行加速比呈现类线性增长趋势。 相似文献
10.
为解决单机环境下海量地震观测数据计算和分析效率低下的问题,提出一种基于分布式架构的地震观测数据的存储、计算和分析处理方法,选择噪声功率谱复杂计算过程的应用场景进行实现.基于Hadoop在海量数据处理上的性能优势,在分布式文件存储系统HDFS上进行地震观测数据的存储和调度,研究测震数据噪声功率谱的质量评估方法在Spark分布式计算架构上的实现,采用弹性数据集Spark RDD将计算任务自动分配到计算节点,解析存储在HDFS中的测震波形数据,计算结果采用RowKey方式放入分布式数据库HBase中,实现了长周期地震噪声功率谱结果的存储和提取.计算结果表明,基于Spark分布式架构的该方法可以支撑TB级海量数据的处理,并且具有较高的处理效率,可应用于海量地震观测数据的分析计算. 相似文献