Induced slim ferroelectric hysteresis loops and enhanced energy-storage properties of Mn-doped (Pb0·93La0.07)(Zr0·82Ti0.18)O3 anti-ferroelectric thick films by aerosol deposition

In this study, the high ferroelectric hysteresis loss of (Pb_0·93La_0.07)(Zr_0·82Ti_0.18)O₃ (PLZT 7/82/18) antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics was reduced by employing a combinatorial approach of Mn acceptor doping followed by thick film fabrication via an aerosol deposition (AD) process. The grains of the as-deposited PLZT 7/82/18 AFE AD thick films were grown by thermal annealing at 550 °C to enhance their electrical properties. Investigation of the electrical properties revealed that Mn-doping results in improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties, increased dielectric breakdown strength (DBS), and energy-storage properties. The Mn-doped PLZT AFE AD films possess a frequency-independent high dielectric constant (ε_r ≈ 660) with low dielectric loss (tan δ ≈ 0.0146), making them suitable candidates for storage capacitor applications. The bipolar and unipolar polarization vs. electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops of PLZT 7/82/18 AFE AD thick films were found to be slimmer than those of their bulk form (double hysteresis) with significantly reduced ferroelectric hysteresis loss, which is attributed to the AD-induced mixed grain structure. The Mn-doped PLZT 7/82/18 AFE AD thick films exhibited a low remnant polarization (P_r ≈ 9.22 μC/cm²) at a high applied electric field (~2750 kV/cm). The energy-storage density and energy efficiency of the Mn-doped PLZT AFE AD thick films were calculated from unipolar P-E hysteresis loops and found to be ~38.33 J/cm³ and ~74%, respectively.     

Optimal interval type-2 fuzzy fractional order super twisting algorithm: A second order sliding mode controller for fully-actuated and under-actuated nonlinear systems

In this paper, a novel interval type-2 fuzzy fractional order super twisting algorithm (IT2FFOSTA) which is essentially a second order sliding mode controller is presented. The proposed IT2FFOSTA enhances fractional order super twisting algorithm (FOSTA) by taking advantage of an interval type-2 fuzzy fractional order sliding surface (IT2FFOSS) for some classes of fully-actuated and under-actuated nonlinear systems in presence of uncertainty. The FOSTA significantly reduces the amount of chattering and the IT2FFOSS results in decreasing the tracking error, control effort, and chattering level. In order to control under-actuated systems, a hierarchical sliding surface is employed. The multi-tracker optimization algorithm is utilized to adjust the controller’s parameters; this leads to an optimal performance for the IT2FFOSTA. To examine the performance of the IT2FFOSTA, some simulation and experimental tests on three examples of different classes of fully-actuated and under-actuated systems, including ball and plate, inverted pendulum, and ball and beam systems are carried out. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the IT2FFOSTA in reducing the amount of chattering, tracking error, and control effort compared to those of the other control methods.     

Enhanced energy storage properties of Ba0.4Sr0.6TiO3 lead-free ceramics with Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2 glass addition

In this study, we present an effective strategy to enhance the energy storage properties of Ba_0.4Sr_0.6TiO₃ (BST) lead-free ceramics by the addition of Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂ (BBS) glass, which were prepared by the conventional solid state sintering method. The phase structure, microstructure and energy storage properties were investigated in detail. It can be found that the Ba_0.4Sr_0.6TiO₃-x wt%(Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂) (BST- x wt%BBS, 0 ≤ x ≤ 12) ceramics possess large maximum polarization (P_max), low remanent polarization (P_r) and slim polarization electric field (P-E) hysteresis loops. The breakdown strength (BDS), recoverable energy storage density (W_rec) and energy storage efficiency (η) are enhanced obviously with the addition of BBS glass. The BST-9 wt%BBS ceramic is found to exhibit excellent energy storage properties with a W_rec of 1.98 J/cm³ and a η of 90.57% at 279 kV/cm. These results indicate that the BST-x wt%BBS ceramics might be good candidates for high energy storage applications.     

Development of a novel algorithm for optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems

Optimal capacitor placement in distribution systems solved by the hybrid method of CODEQ (called HCODEQ method) is proposed in this work. The concepts of chaotic search, opposition-based learning, and quantum mechanics are used in the CODEQ method to overcome the drawback of parameters selection in the differential evolution (DE). However, a larger population size must be used in the CODEQ method. That is a drawback for all evolutionary algorithms (EAs). To overcome this drawback, acceleration operation and migrating operation are embedded into the CODEQ method, i.e. HCODEQ method. The use of these two operations can increase the convergence speed without decreasing the diversity among individuals. One benchmark function and various-scale capacitor placement systems are used to compare the performance of the proposed method, CODEQ method, DE, simulated annealing (SA), and ant system (AS). Numerical results show that the performance of the HCODEQ method is better than the other methods.     

Robust image retrieval by cascading a deep quality assessment network

The performance of computer vision algorithms can severely degrade in the presence of a variety of distortions. While image enhancement algorithms have evolved to optimize image quality as measured according to human visual perception, their relevance in maximizing the success of computer vision algorithms operating on the enhanced image has been much less investigated. We consider the problem of image enhancement to combat Gaussian noise and low resolution with respect to the specific application of image retrieval from a dataset. We define the notion of image quality as determined by the success of image retrieval and design a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict this quality. This network is then cascaded with a deep CNN designed for image denoising or super resolution, allowing for optimization of the enhancement CNN to maximize retrieval performance. This framework allows us to couple enhancement to the retrieval problem. We also consider the problem of adapting image features for robust retrieval performance in the presence of distortions. We show through experiments on distorted images of the Oxford and Paris buildings datasets that our algorithms yield improved mean average precision when compared to using enhancement methods that are oblivious to the task of image retrieval. ¹     

The Impact of Tower Internals on Packing Performance

The overall tower performance is influenced by the type of both tower internals and random packing. The Raschig GmbH's most recent development is the Raschig Super‐Ring^®, the fourth generation of random packings. In 1998, the Raschig Super‐Ring No. 2 was tested at the facilities of Fractional Research Inc. A significantly improved capacity and pressure drop over other random packing was observed without reducing the efficiency. A recent retesting of Raschig Super‐Ring No.2 using new tower internals revealed that the revised tower internals further improved the performance. Raschig has noticeable experience in designing liquid distributors.     

超级13Cr不锈钢腐蚀性能的研究现状与进展

针对超级13Cr不锈钢管材料在各种环境下所面临的腐蚀问题,介绍了其CO2腐蚀机理及其影响因素,分析了腐蚀产物膜成分破坏机理,简要说明了超级13Cr不锈钢几种常见的腐蚀类型,并提出了今后超级13Cr不锈钢及其腐蚀行为研究的重要方面,为今后油套管材料提供参考。     

超高层建筑的建筑设计理念--对天津经济技术开发区CBD超高层建筑国际招标方案的评析

超高层建筑是城市综合实力的体现,在中国,超高层建筑设计是一项崭新的设计内容,是一个复杂的系统工程,针对建筑的形式特点,应有相应的设计理念和技术手段.本文通过对天津经济技术开发区CBD超高层建筑国际设计方案的评析,总结出其标志性、生态化、亲人性、功能性与文化性的设计特点,并且针对项目用地、交通组织和经济核算等问题进行了探讨.     

超疏水绝缘涂层制备与防冰、防污研究现状

输电线路的覆冰灾害是电力系统最严重的威胁之一。超疏水绝缘涂层具有强憎水性和低表面能,因而具有提高输电线路防覆冰与防污性能的潜力。对超疏水绝缘涂层的制备方法及其在电力系统中的应用研究现状进行概述,介绍超疏水绝缘涂层的电绝缘性、化学稳定性、机械稳定性等基本性能,对比分析超疏水绝缘涂层与普通憎水性绝缘涂层的防覆冰与防污性能,阐明超疏水绝缘涂层在延缓绝缘子覆冰方面的机理。此外,对超疏水绝缘涂层在耐腐蚀等领域的应用研究现状也进行了介绍。提出在未来输电线路超疏水绝缘涂层的研究中,应重点关注制备方法的经济性、涂层表面的长效性以及防污闪机理等方面的关键问题,提升涂层的综合性能。     

低密度聚乙烯生产过程中二次机及中冷器结垢分析

LDPE树脂工业化过程中二次压缩机及中冷器普遍存在聚乙烯结垢问题。熔融指数、密度测试结果显示,二次机和中冷器结垢物熔融指数及密度均分别为0.03g/10min,0.942g/cm3及0.12g/10min,0.936g/cm3,表明污垢并非来自高压循环气系统夹带。FT-IR测试结果,显示合格LDPE树脂和结垢物图谱在1364.69cm-1,1375.24cm-1中均出现叔丁基特征峰;在1721.42cm-1及1740cm-1均出现了酯类C=O伸缩振动吸收峰。红外图谱并未出现醚类碳-氧吸收峰,表明过氧化引发剂参与结垢物形成,氧气并未参与组合阀及中冷器污垢形成反应。本文证实了自由基来源、聚乙烯白色污垢的成因,对解决LDPE工业化过程中组合阀、中冷器结垢问题具有重要参考价值。