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1.
The fuel cell/battery durability and hybrid system stability are major considerations for the power management of fuel cell hybrid electric bus (FCHEB) operating on complicated driving conditions. In this paper, a real time nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) with stability analyze is formulated for power management of FCHEB. Firstly, the mathematical model of hybrid power system is analyzed, which is established for control-oriented design. Furthermore, the NAC-based strategy with quadratic Lyapunov function is set up to guarantee the stability of closed-loop power system, and the power split between fuel cell and battery is controlled with the durability consideration. Finally, two real-time power management strategies, state machine control (SMC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC), are implemented to evaluate the performance of NAC-based strategy, and the simulation results suggest that the guaranteed stability of NAC-based strategy can efficiently prolong fuel cell/battery lifespan and provide better fuel consumption economy for FCHEB.  相似文献   
2.
In this study, some locations with different climates, off-grid zero energy buildings with hydrogen energy storage systems are designed, and transient analysis is conducted. These considered buildings supply their electricity consumption without using the electrical grid and PV panels or wind turbines. Also, they supply thermal comfort to occupants by using a vapor compression chiller and humidifier. Domestic hot water of occupants is supplied using solar collectors. For analyzing building's performance and objectives achievement, TRNSYS software is used. Also, for evaluating occupant thermal comfort, the Fanger model is used. The considered building is a one-story building with a 150 m2 area. Four occupants are considered. Both of them are seated at rest, and another is seated with light working such as typing. Using the Fanger model equation and MATLAB software, the thermal comfort of occupants is determined. For domestic hot water consumption, verified profiles that vary during 24 h of the day are considered. Achieved results show that for humid and cold cities, PV panels with an area of 73 and 76 m2 can be supplied the required electricity of considered building with four occupants and battery state of charge is higher than 50% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, with a suitable air conditioner system, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) can be lower than 12% and 8% for humid and cold cities. Therefore, the building can be converted to a zero-energy building using its rooftop area.  相似文献   
3.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(4):3176-3191
Milk concentrates are used in the manufacturing of dairy products such as yogurt and cheese or are processed into milk powder. Processes for the nonthermal separation of water and valuable milk ingredients are becoming increasingly widespread at farm level. The technical barriers to using farm-manufactured milk concentrate in dairies are minimal, hence the suspicion that the practice of on-farm raw milk concentration is still fairly uncommon for economic reasons. This study, therefore, set out to investigate farmers' potential willingness to adopt a raw milk concentration plant. The empirical analysis was based on discrete choice experiments with 75 German dairy farmers to identify preferences and the possible adoption of on-farm raw milk concentration. The results showed that, in particular, farmers who deemed the current milk price to be insufficient viewed on-farm concentration using membrane technology as an option for diversifying their milk sales. We found no indication that adoption would be impeded by a lack of trustworthy information on milk processing technologies or capital.  相似文献   
4.
为解决模块化机器人重构后误差的快速补偿问题,对模块化机器人几何误差来源进行分析,将其划分为模块参数误差和模块间装配参数误差。基于指数积公式和齐次变换对关节模块、连杆模块及模块间装配位姿进行数学描述,建立关节-连杆子装配体的实际运动学模型。给出一种基于精密球和外部测量的模块参数及模块间装配参数辨识方法,完成子装配体运动学参数的辨识。针对两种典型构型的关节-连杆子装配体进行参数辨识和验证试验。试验结果表明,经误差补偿后子装配体的平均定位误差约为补偿前误差的1/30。  相似文献   
5.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(3):101151
A laboratory study was carried out to compare the behaviour of loose tailings under simple shear loading using a torsional shear hollow cylinder device (TSHC) and a direct simple shear (DSS) device, with a focus on shear strength at high strains. This work was carried out on tailings for which the critical state line (CSL) had already been defined, to enable the results to be examined in a critical state framework. The testing indicated that the shear strengths measured at high strains by the DSS apparatus were significantly higher than those measured by the TSHC under undrained simple shear loading conditions. The likely more uniform and ideal simple shear conditions developing within the TSHC, along with the better agreement of results obtained using this equipment with the expected behaviour based on the test initial states and tailings’ CSL suggest that for loose specimens the DSS may overestimate shear strength at high strains. This observation was confirmed by comparing the results of this study with other published data where both CSL and DSS test results were available. The important implications of this observation for the design and analysis of tailings storage facilities (TSFs) in the context of laboratory measurement of liquefied strengths are outlined.  相似文献   
6.
Owing to the high melting points and high-temperature stability, transition-metal disilicides are potential components for aerospace, automotive, and industrial engineering applications. However, unwanted oxidation known as PEST oxidation severely limits their application owing to the formation of volatile transition metal oxides, especially in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. To overcome this problem, a new class of high-entropy disilicides, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2, was selected by first-principles calculations and then successfully fabricated using a hot-pressing sintering technique. Furthermore, the phase evolution, thermal expansion behavior, thermal conductivity, and oxidation behavior were systematically investigated. Compared with MoSi2, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2 possessed a lower thermal conductivity (10.9–14.7 W·m?1·K?1) at 25–1000 °C, higher thermal expansion coefficients (8.6 ± 1.3–6 K–1) at 50–1200 °C, and especially an excellent thermal stability at 500–1000 °C owing to slow diffusion and selective oxidation. This work provides a strong foundation for the synthesis and application of high-entropy disilicides.  相似文献   
7.
电伴热预养护是一种保证预拌混凝土冬期施工养护温度和强度增长的简单高效的方法。本文采用7 d恒负温(-5 ℃、-10 ℃、-15 ℃)一次冻结转标准养护的试验,研究电伴热预养护不同温度和时间对一种高坍落度C30普通混凝土抗压强度的影响。依据混凝土受冻临界强度的定义,确定基于电伴热预养护条件下的混凝土受冻临界强度值及其合理的预养护时间。结果表明:与标准养护相比,经电伴热高温预养护的混凝土抗压强度均得到了提高,但电伴热预养护温度宜控制在30 ℃,较高的预养护温度下强度发展速率和R-7+28(负温养护7 d再转标养28 d的抗压强度)值反而降低;当预养护温度为30 ℃,硬化温度不低于-15 ℃时,合理的预养护时间在36~48 h之间;恒负温(-5 ℃、-10 ℃、-15 ℃)硬化条件下,采用电伴热预养护的混凝土受冻临界强度的范围是6.6~17.8 MPa,为混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值的22.0%~59.3%。研究旨在比较电伴热预养护制度对普通混凝土力学性能的影响,进而指导相关工程应用。  相似文献   
8.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(20):29862-29872
Thermal shock parameters (R, R''', R'''' and Rst) of MgAlON–MgO composites obtained with additions of spent MgO–C brick were calculated using measured mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient, determining their resistance to fracture initiation and crack propagation. The cyclic thermal shock experiments of MgAlON–MgO composites performed from 1398 K to ambient temperature indicate that as number of thermal shock cycle increases, retained strength ratio of MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO sharply decrease and then keep constant, while that of MgAlON–10.5 wt%MgO and MgAlON–15.7 wt%MgO slowly decrease. The reason for the difference is that MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO show low value of R''' and R'''', and high value of R and Rst. Moreover, precipitation of impurity containing Fe may play a positive role in improvement of thermal shock resistance of MgAlON–MgO composites. MgAlON?4.2 wt%MgO has the maximum retained strength (55 MPa) even after 5 thermal shock cycles, which is expected to be used in the metallurgical industry.  相似文献   
9.
Low-thermal conductivity ceramics play an indispensable role in maximizing the efficiency and durability of hot end components. Pyrochlore, particularly zirconate pyrochlore, is currently a highly promising and widely studied candidate for its extremely low thermal conductivity. However, there are still few pyrochlores that offer both stiffness, insulation, and good thermal expansion properties. In this work, the solidification method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of titanate pyrochlore, and combined it with the compositional design of high-entropy. Through careful composition design and solidification control, the high-density and uniform elements distributed high-entropy titanate pyrochlore ceramics were successfully prepared. These samples possess high hardness (15.88 GPa) and Young’s modulus (295.5 GPa), low thermal conductivity (0.947 W·m?1·K?1), excellent thermal expansion coefficient (11.6 ×10?6/K) and an exquisite balance between stiffness and insulation (E/κ, 312.1 GPa·W?1·m·K), in which the E/κ exhibits the highest value among the current reported works.  相似文献   
10.
徐瑞御 《中州煤炭》2022,(7):284-290
为了提升煤矿巷道围岩的稳定性,解决现有支护方式支护效果差的问题,分析煤矿巷道在动力失稳状态下的围岩松动变形特征,实现支护参数的优化计算。探测煤矿巷道围岩内部结构,根据动压巷道围岩变形的影响因素及其作用方式,建立煤矿巷道围岩动力失稳模型。在该模型下,通过确定应力变化规律和应力—应变关系,得出围岩松动变形的特征分析结果。参考围岩松动变形特征,确定合理的支护方式,得出锚杆长度、锚间排距、组合拱厚度等支护参数的计算结果。根据变形特征与支护参数结果,进行数值模拟分析,完成围岩松动变形支护。将模拟结果应用到实际的松动变形修复工作中,能够控制围岩松动变形量控制在要求范围内,降低裂缝破坏程度。  相似文献   
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