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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(26):13101-13111
Voltage reversal induced by hydrogen starvation can severely corrode the anode catalyst support and deteriorate the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. A material-based strategy is the inclusion of an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst (e.g., IrO2) in the anode to promote water electrolysis over harmful carbon corrosion. In this work, an Ir-Pt/C composite catalyst with high metal loading is prepared. The membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C shows a first reversal time (FRT) of up to 20 hours, which is about ten times that of MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C does. Furthermore, the MEA with 80 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a minimum cell voltage loss of 6 mV@1 A/cm2 when the FRT is terminated in 2 hours, in which the MEA with 50 wt% Ir-Pt(1:2)/C exhibits a voltage loss of 105 mV@1 A/cm2. Further physicochemical and electrochemical characterizations demonstrate that the destruction of anode catalyst layer caused by the voltage reversal process is alleviated by the use of the composite catalyst with high metal loading. Hence, our results reveal that the combination of OER catalyst on the Pt/C with high metal loading is a promising approach to alleviate the degradation of anode catalyst layer during the voltage reversal process for PEMFCs. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(56):23762-23771
Limiting current density at different temperatures, backpressures, and balance gases can be used to separate molecular diffusion resistance, Knudsen diffusion resistance and local transport resistance of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). However, the measurement of limiting current density has no unified protocol. The diverse choices in the literature, either in the control of current or voltage or in the atmosphere like relative humidity and O2 concentrations, make it difficult to compare the results and identify the true bottleneck hindering the mass transport. In this work, the current-voltage curves obtained by current scanning/stepping and voltage scanning/stepping methods under dilute O2 of different concentrations and a wide range of relative humidity were measured and analyzed systematically. It is found that the voltage stepping method is superior to the other three ways of control for the reliable determination of the limiting current density. Aided with simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement, the limiting current density can be determined with pinpoint accuracy. When the limiting current density is just used to qualitatively evaluate different MEA, the voltage scanning method can be used instead for its high time efficiency. The selection of the atmosphere also plays an important role in suppressing the distortion from excessive water and reducing the spurious contribution from proton conduction resistance. It is found that O2 concentrations at 0.5 vol% and relative humidity at 90% can give the best estimation of O2 transport resistance in membrane electrode assembly. 相似文献
4.
Zeyu He Jiayue Han Xiaoyang Du Luye Cao Jun Wang Caijun Zheng Hui Lin Silu Tao 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(37):2103988
Emerging graphene/organic phototransistors are eye-catching technologies owing to their unique merits including easy/low-cost fabrication, temperature independent, and achieving various functions. However, their development in the near-infrared (NIR) region is experiencing a bottleneck of inferior sensitivity due to low exciton dissociation efficiency and inefficient charge extraction rate. Here, a novel-design solution-processed graphene/organic NIR phototransistor is reported, that is, creatively introducing electron extraction layer of ZnO on graphene channel and employing organic ternary bulk heterojunction as photosensitive layer, successfully breaking that bottleneck. The phototransistor exhibits a high responsivity of 6.1 × 106 A W−1, a superior detectivity of 2.4 × 1013 Jones, and a remarkable minimum detection power of 1.75 nW cm−2 under 850 nm radiation. Considering its excellent NIR detection performance, a noncontact transmission-type pulse monitoring is carried out with no external circuit support, from which human pulse signal and heart rate can be displayed in real time. The phototransistor, interestingly, can be switched into a photomemory function with a retention time of 1000 s in the atmosphere through a gate voltage of −20 V. The design takes the characteristics of graphene/organic phototransistors to a higher level, beyond the limit of sensitivity, and opens up a novel approach for developing multifunction devices. 相似文献
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《中国有色金属学会会刊》2021,31(12):3800-3813
The Fe−Ni−TiO2 nanocomposite coatings were electrodeposited by pulse frequency variation. The results showed that the nanocomposite with a very dense coating surface and a nanocrystalline structure was produced at higher frequencies. By increasing the pulse frequency from 10 to 500 Hz, the iron and TiO2 nanoparticles contentswere increased in expense of nickel content. XRD patterns showed that by increasing the frequency to 500 Hz, an enhancement ofBCC phase was observed and the grain size of deposits was reduced to 35 nm. The microhardness and the surface roughness were increased to 647 HV and 125 nm at 500 Hz due to the grain size reduction and higher incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles into the Fe−Ni matrix (5.13 wt.%). Moreover, the friction coefficient and wear rate values were decreased by increasing the pulse frequency;while the saturation magnetization and coercivity values of the composite deposits were increased. 相似文献
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以2219铝合金为基板,研究了不同脉冲激光-电弧布置方式下的熔滴过渡与焊缝形貌特征,分析了熔深增加的机理. 结果表明,当脉冲激光照射母材时,脉冲激光主要提供对母材的热输入,母材温度的增加有助于促进熔滴铺展,稳定熔滴过渡过程;当脉冲激光照射熔滴缩颈时,主要提供对熔滴的力输入,蒸发反力的作用下形成"一脉一滴",显著提高熔滴过渡频率与熔滴飞行速度,增加了熔滴对熔池的冲击力,熔深增加;当脉冲激光交替的照射熔池和熔滴时,一方面能够对母材进行加热,有助于熔滴的铺展,另一方面能够提高熔滴过渡频率,提高焊缝的均匀性. 相似文献
7.
In double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(DP-LIBS), the collinear femtosecond double-pulse laser configuration is experimentally investigated with different initial sample temperatures using a Ti:sapphire laser. The glass sample is ablated to produce the plasma spectroscopy. During the experiment, the detected spectral lines include two Na(I) lines(589.0 nm and 589.6 nm) and one Ca(I) line at the wavelength of 585.7 nm. The emission lines are measured at room temperature(22 ℃) and three higher initial sample temperatures(T_s?=?100 ℃, 200 ℃, and 250 ℃). The inter-pulse delay time ranges from-250 ps to 250 ps.The inter-pulse delay time and the sample temperature strongly influence the spectral intensity,and the spectral intensity can be significantly enhanced by increasing the sample temperature and selecting the optimized inter-pulse time. For the same inter-pulse time of 0 ps(single-pulse LIBS), the enhancement ratio is approximately 2.5 at T_s?=?200 ℃ compared with that obtained at T_s?=?22 ℃. For the same inter-pulse time of 150 ps, the enhancement ratio can be up to 4 at T_s?=?200 ℃ compared with that obtained at T_s?=?22 ℃. The combined enhancement effects of the different initial sample temperatures and the double-pulse configuration in femtosecond LIBS are much stronger than that of the different initial sample temperatures or the double-pulse configuration only. 相似文献
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影响雷电通道产生的水平电场因素众多,分析其影响因素对电力系统的雷电防护具有重要意义。文中利用运动电荷电磁场方程求解得到闪电回击通道的水平电场和方位磁场,并结合C-R 算法,得到了有限电导率地面上方的水平电场。依据运动电荷电磁场方程的特征分析了不同回击速度、不同距离、不同电导率对雷击产生的水平电场的影响。得出以下结论:水平电场随回击速度增大而减小;水平电场波形呈双极性特征且水平距离越大或电导率越小负向偏移越明显。这些研究结论为输电线路雷电过电压计算打下良好的基础。与其他方法相比,本文方法可以避免远距离电磁场计算中的震荡问题和积分方程的奇异问题。 相似文献
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