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邹燕娣 《中国油脂》2021,46(7):143-147
为了建立一种准确性高、成本低的植物油中苯并(a)芘测定的样品前处理方法,基于GB 5009.7—2016以自制氧化铝柱为固相萃取柱,采用单因素试验对称样量、洗脱剂量、洗脱流速、吸附剂存放时间、吸附剂量这5个影响植物油中苯并(a)芘洗脱的因素进行研究,优化前处理条件,并对测定方法进行考察。结果表明:优化的前处理条件为称样量0.100 0 g、洗脱剂量120 mL、吸附剂(氧化铝)量22 g、洗脱流速1滴/2 s、吸附剂存放时间少于12周;方法检出限为0.2 μg/L,样品加标回收率为94.23%~100.00%,RSD为1.20%~7.36%;同一样品测定结果与SGS测定值接近,相对平均偏差为2.36%~3.50%。说明本试验方法测定结果准确,可应用于油脂企业植物油中痕量苯并(a)芘的测定。  相似文献   
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何倩  杜春兰  孙琳珺 《园林》2022,(1):110-117
重庆城池山地特征明显,人工构筑的城门与凭水而兴的码头形成了一体化的空间关系。《渝城图》是一幅记录清末重庆城市面貌和人民生活的地图,展现了大量重庆城外河街的生产、生活场景。深入研究《渝城图》,以图中12组"城门—码头空间"为研究样本,在分析画面场景要素的基础上,通过纵向联系空间、横向延伸空间两个维度研究城门—码头的空间形态,总结晚清重庆城门—码头具有环境耦合山水、要素丰富多元、形态开放外溢、功能高度复合、意象独特鲜明的景观空间特征。意在深入理解古代重庆城门—码头营建思想,以期丰富古代重庆城池空间研究并对当下重庆滨河空间的保护与更新提供指导。  相似文献   
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At present, as the demand for electricity increases in all sectors, there is an urgent need to introduce alternative renewable energy sources into modern energy systems. Renewable energy sources, which consist of solar (photovoltaic, PV), wind and hydro power, are key alternative sources of “green energy’’ energies, but it can also be used to produce “green” hydrogen. Thanks to scientific and technological progress, the cost of photovoltaic solar radiation converters is constantly decreasing at a high rate, which makes it possible to build solar power plants of sufficiently large capacity. In the coming decades, solar energy will become an incentive for the economic development of countries that have the maximum “solar” resource. The Republic of Tajikistan is one of these countries with a high potential for solar energy.The article presents an analysis of the resources and potential of solar energy in the Republic of Tajikistan. The study of electromagnetic transients in networks with photovoltaic solar power plants is performed. The main equations, simulation model and calculations of transients are presented, taking into account changes in voltage on DC buses. An algorithm for controlling the system of automatic control of output parameters is proposed. The analysis of dynamic and static modes in parallel operation of a solar power plant with the grid is carried out. A block diagram and computer model is constructed in the MATLAB package together with Simulink and Power System Blockset.  相似文献   
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针对以往研究中有限元无法模拟裂纹开展以及离散元无法考虑试块中微波不均匀性的问题,采用有限元-离散元耦合方法模拟微波弱化矿物的过程,监测模型中强度、温度、裂纹变化情况,根据强度变化分析黄铁矿粒径、含量及微波功率对强度弱化效果的影响。结果显示,微波可以有效降低矿物强度;黄铁矿粒径、含量对微波弱化矿物效果的影响不大,微波功率对弱化效果有着重要影响;矿物强度降低主要发生在一段时间内。结果表明:有限元-离散元耦合方法可以更加准确地描述微波辅助矿物解离;微波辅助矿物解离可以用于含不同粒径、不同含量黄铁矿的矿物解离,提高微波功率、选择合适的照射时间可以有效提高能量利用效率。  相似文献   
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A ring-on-ring (ROR) test is a prevailing test method for evaluating the equi-biaxial strength of glass materials. However, current ROR test standards limit the strength and size of glass to prevent a nonlinear behavior. In this study, the feasibility of ROR testing for non-standard, high-strength glass, such as tempered or ion-exchanged rectangular glass is investigated. To this end, ROR simulation based on theory and experiment is conducted for thirty non-standard glasses with widths of 100–300 mm and aspect ratios of 1.0–2.0. As a result, the maximum measurable stress was about 215.6 MPa for 100 × 200 mm glass and 481.3 MPa for 300 × 600 mm glass with a 3% deviation, which is well above the strength of regular tempered glass. The main purpose of this work is to understand the range of aspect ratio of horizontal and vertical widths of a glass plate that can be evaluated by the standard ROR test.  相似文献   
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The Stefan column consists of liquid A evaporating into an inert/stagnant gas B with a sweeping B stream at the top. It was designed to estimate binary gas diffusivities, DAB’s, but “end effects” such as gas mixing at the top and interfacial curvature have been either ignored or uncorrelated to the operational settings. This study’s hypothesis is that gas mixing at the top and the gas–phase aspect ratio affect DAB estimation in the acetone (A)-ambient air (B) system at 50?°C. The sweeping stream Reynolds number (Re) and the gas–phase aspect ratio (AR?=?initial gas phase height to column internal diameter) were the variables tested. Isothermal evaporation-diffusion experiments were conducted in which the temporal interfacial descent was tracked. The settings were 492 ≤ Re ≤ 5378 and AR between 5 and 15. A 1D transport model allowed determination of the experimental diffusivity, DAB,exp, by nonlinear regression. For Re < 600, the DAB,exp errors relative to DAB,CE (predicted by the Chapman–Enskog kinetic theory for low-density gases) were small and unrelated to AR, while for Re > 600 the errors increased considerably with Re and were inversely proportional to AR. This study is the first to relate the column’s operational settings to the DAB estimation errors. The column should be operated at low sweeping gas Re and large AR for accurate DAB,exp’s. The low Re region deserves further study, while the present transport model may have to be replaced by computational fluid dynamics simulations to account for the multidimensional gas flow patterns.  相似文献   
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The explosion venting duct can effectively reduce the hazard degree of a gas explosion and conduct the venting energy to the safe area. To investigate the flame quantitative propagation law of explosion venting with a duct, the effects of hydrogen fraction and explosion venting duct length on jet flame propagation characteristics of premixed H2-air mixtures were analyzed through experiment and simulation. The experiment results under initial conditions of room temperature and 1 atm show that when hydrogen fraction was high enough, part of the unburned hydrogen was mixed with air again to reach an ignitable concentration, resulting in the secondary combustion was easier produced and the duration of the secondary flame increased. With the increase of venting duct length, the flame front distance and propagation velocity increased. Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of pressure field and temperature field, and the propagation process and mechanism of the flame venting with a duct were analyzed using FLUENT software. The variation of the pressure wave and the pressure reflection oscillation law in the explosion venting duct was captured. Therefore, in the industrial explosion venting design with a duct, the hazard caused by the coupling of venting pressure and venting flame under different fractions should be considered comprehensively.  相似文献   
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1451-1483
Metal/ceramic composites are in high demand in several industries because of their superior thermo-mechanical properties. Among various composite types, the interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) with percolating metallic and ceramic phases offer manifold benefits, such as a good combination of strength, toughness, and stiffness, very good thermal properties, excellent wear resistance, as well as the flexibility of microstructure and processing route selection, etc. The fabrication of metal/ceramic IPCs typically involves two steps - i) processing of an open porous ceramic body, and ii) infiltration of metallic melt in the pores to fabricate the IPC. Although significant progress has been made in recent years for developing both porous ceramics and melt infiltration methods, to the best of the knowledge of the authors, no review article summarizing all the aspects of processing and properties of IPCs has been published till date. This review article is aimed at filling this gap. Starting with a brief introduction about the current status and applications of IPCs, the various processing routes for fabricating open porous ceramic preforms and melt infiltration techniques have been discussed. Subsequently, the data available for various important physical, mechanical, and thermal properties for IPCs have been critically analyzed to thoroughly understand their dependence on various structural and processing parameters. To compare the properties of IPCs with other relevant materials, seven different Ashby material property maps have been used, and the domains for IPCs have been created in them. For each map, the concept of material indices has been employed to critically discuss how IPCs perform in relation to other material classes for various optimum design conditions. Finally, a detailed future outlook for further research on IPCs has been provided.  相似文献   
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