基于GIS单线图的配网停电单模拟操作应用研究

配电网停电会造成电力系统供配电可靠性以及服务质量下降,研究基于地理信息系统(GIS)单线图的配网停电单模拟操作应用。利用网格长度作为基本单位建立坐标系,以选取起始点与终止点为基础,通过四参数法将GIS坐标映射至图纸网格内,实现配网内设备初步布局,将杆塔、站房和整体均匀分布作为优化目标,设置多目标优化目标函数实现GIS单线图最终优化。选取某电力公司配网作为单模拟操作应用对象,模拟结果表明,单模拟操作配网停电后,该配网各负荷点年故障率、次平均停电时间以及年停电时间均有所减少,可有效提升配网的供配电可靠性。     

考虑节点静态电压稳定性的电网元胞自动机故障演化模型

在电力系统大停电过程中往往伴随着电压失稳问题,为了研究停电事故发展机理,从事故演化过程中电网各节点电压变化入手,依据元胞自动机理论进行建模。将节点作为元胞,根据静态电压稳定性理论定义了元胞状态以及转换规则,建立了一种考虑节点静态电压稳定性的电网元胞自动机故障演化模型,并定义了电压稳定裕度指标。在IEEE39节点系统中,利用该模型进行单次停电事故仿真,分析了不同扰动方式下停电事故过程中节点电压稳定裕度的变化。进一步,利用该模型进行了多次停电事故仿真,探究了负荷扰动方式及电网热稳定裕度对各节点电压稳定裕度的影响。     

英国“8·9”大停电事故振荡事件分析及思考

2019年8月9日,英国电网发生大停电事故,造成英国伦敦在内的部分城市停电,影响人口100万左右。文中对该事故进行总结分析,为我国电网的安全稳定运行提供借鉴和参考。首先,对此次新能源电厂发生的振荡事件进行分析,总结此次振荡事件所呈现的典型特征,梳理其存在的遗留问题;其次,对以该事件为代表的一系列由新能源厂站触发的振荡事件进行思考,论述新能源大规模并网后电网振荡呈现的新特点;最后,针对现有测量技术在振荡监测上存在的不足,提出采用宽频测量技术实现振荡实时监测,并给出具体的工程实施方案,为电力电子化电网振荡的实时监测提供参考。     

Estimation of the inconvenience cost of a rolling blackout in the residential sector: The case of South Korea

South Korea is experiencing a serious imbalance in electricity supply and demand, which caused a blackout in 2011. The Korean government has planned to perform a rolling blackout to prevent large-scale blackouts when the electricity supply reserve margin reaches less than 1 million kW. This study attempts to estimate the inconvenience cost of household customers from a rolling blackout by using survey data. To this end, we apply a contingent valuation method (CVM) to measure their willingness-to-pay (WTP) in order to avoid a rolling blackout, i.e. the suspension of electricity supply. In this study, we estimate the inconvenience costs stemming from both an unannounced and an announced rolling blackout. As a result, we find that the inconvenience cost of a sudden rolling blackout is estimated at 3900.67 KRW (3.56 USD) per month per household, while that of an announced rolling blackout stands at 3102.95 KRW (2.83 USD). This difference in costs shows that people place value in receiving prior notice of a blackout, and that inconvenience costs of between 166.0 billion KRW (151.6 million USD) and 174.3 billion KRW (159.2 million USD) per year can be reduced nationwide by giving households advance notice of a planned rolling blackout.     

FHR在全厂断电事故下对RVACS散热能力的要求

氟盐冷却高温堆(Fluoride salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor,FHR)是一种采用包覆颗粒燃料、高温熔融氟盐冷却剂的先进反应堆。部分FHR概念采用了反应堆容器辅助冷却系统(Reactor Vessel Auxiliary Cooling System,RVACS)导出事故下的堆芯余热。RVACS通过导热、对流换热、辐射换热等非能动过程,在事故发生时将堆芯余热排出至大气中。本文采用中国科学院上海应用物理研究所设计的10 MW FHR作为基准,利用RELAP5-MS程序,对其在全厂断电事故下的瞬态过程进行了模拟,验证了RVACS的余热导出能力。本文进一步研究了高反应堆功率情况下的全厂断电事故的瞬态过程,探讨了不同反应堆功率的FHR对RVACS散热能力的要求。     

全厂断电引发的严重事故中反应堆压力容器失效机理研究

以国际上典型的第2代3环路压水堆核电站为研究对象，采用严重事故最佳估算程序RELAP/SCDAPSIM，对全厂断电引发的严重事故中反应堆压力容器失效机理进行了计算分析。计算结果表明，RELAP/SCDAPSIM程序中的COUPLE二维有限元模型能够详细地预测压力容器内熔融物的行为特性，所给出的下封头失效时间和失效位置与已有实验结果吻合。     

Sampling based uncertainty analysis of station blackout in PSB VVER integral test facility

Best estimate accident analysis with uncertainty evaluation is being encouraged in the present licensing scenarios of nuclear power plants. This paper deals with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis for station blackout in PSB VVER integral test facility under the framework of coordinated research project of IAEA. Nodalization was developed using best estimate system code RELAP5/MOD3.2 and its steady state and transient level qualifications are achieved. Sampling based approaches are used to carry out uncertainty and sensitivity/importance analysis. The objective of the analysis is to get confidence for uncertainty methodology by comparing with the experimental results and extend its applicability to NPPs. Uncertainty analysis is carried out by selecting nine important input parameters with specified ranges and its uniform distributions. A design matrix of 45 × 9 is generated for variations of input parameters with the Latin Hypercube Sampling and 45 code runs were taken. Linear regression was also carried out to quantify the effect of each individual input parameter on output parameters in terms of standard rank regression coefficients. Uncertainty band in output parameters is defined between 95th and 5th percentile value. It is observed that most of the experimental values and code calculated reference values are lying within the uncertainty band. For most of the parameters, width of uncertainty band increases with transient progression time.     

CPR1000全厂断电事故瞬态特性分析

用RELAP5/MOD3.4程序对CPR1000压水堆一回路系统进行整体建模,分析全厂断电事故下一回路主要参数的瞬态热工水力特性,并将RELAP5模型计算结果与THEMIS程序的计算结果进行对比,二者符合得较好。计算结果表明：该模型可较准确地模拟CPR1000在事故下的热工水力特性。     

日本能源政策新动向

日本政府10月3日正式讨论福岛能源政策。野田佳彦认为安全措施如果到位的话,核电是可以有效利用的。可以预计,相对于菅直人而言,野田佳彦将采取现实的能源政策路径。最后决定日本能源政策的因素是经济问题。     

CPR1000非能动应急给水系统瞬态特性分析

利用RELAP5/MOD3.4程序对CPR1000压水堆在全厂断电事故下一回路主要参数的瞬态热工水力特性进行分析，验证CPR1000非能动应急给水系统(PEFWS)对事故的缓解能力。计算结果表明，CPR1000在发生全厂断电事故后，PEFWS完全可及时向蒸汽发生器补水，同时导出堆芯余热，保证反应堆处于安全状态，从而验证CPR1000PEFWS的设计成功。