Comparative study of embrittlement of quenched and tempered steels in hydrogen environments

The study of steels which guarantee safety and reliability throughout their service life in hydrogen-rich environments has increased considerably in recent years. Their mechanical behavior in terms of hydrogen embrittlement is of utmost importance. This work aims to assess the effects of hydrogen on the tensile properties of quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steels. Tensile tests were performed on smooth and notched specimens under different conditions: pre-charged in high pressure hydrogen gas, electrochemically pre-charged, and in-situ hydrogen charged in an acid aqueous medium. The influence of the charging methodology on the corresponding embrittlement indexes was assessed. The role of other test variables, such as the applied current density, the electrolyte composition, and the displacement rate was also studied. An important reduction of the strength was detected when notched specimens were subjected to in-situ charging. When the same tests were performed on smooth tensile specimens, the deformation results were reduced. This behavior is related to significant changes in the operative failure micromechanisms, from ductile (microvoids coalescence) in absence of hydrogen or under low hydrogen contents, to brittle (decohesion of martensite lath interfaces) under the most stringent conditions.     

Influence of the Impaction Angle on the Triboelectric Charging of Aerosol Nanoparticles

A low pressure impactor is used to measure triboelectric charging behavior of metallic nanoparticles. Ag nanoparticles, produced by spark discharge, were impacted onto Pt sputtered targets. The influence of the impaction angle and impaction velocity on the triboelectric charging was investigated. While for perpendicular impaction the charge transfer behavior of previous work was confirmed, the oblique impaction revealed new phenomena. Additional charge transfer was observable, which increases with obliqueness. The possibility of mass transfer between particle and target due to the high-energy collisions was also investigated. SEM characterization and Auger spectroscopy indicate mass transfer from the particle to the target surface.     

Investigation of the hydrogen induced cracking behaviour of API 5L X65 pipeline steel

The effect of microstructural features on the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) susceptibility of two API 5L X65 pipeline steels were investigated by cathodic charging, hydrogen permeation and hydrogen microprint experiments. Microstructural evaluation after hydrogen charging revealed cracks at the mid-thickness (segregation zone) of both plates. However, more severe cracks were observed in the plate with higher dislocation density and residual stresses. The plate with lower plastic strain and more {111}-oriented grains had less severe cracks. Inclusions found along the crack path, comprising of Si-enriched oxides and carbides contributed to the initiation and propagation of cracks. The variation of the trapping behaviour and hydrogen diffusion through the plates were examined. The results confirmed that a higher ratio of reversible to irreversible traps contributes to increasing HIC severity in steels. Additionally, hydrogen transport through the steels was most prominent along the grain boundaries, indicating the importance of grain boundary character to HIC.     

Effects of Smart Charging of Multiple Electric Vehicles in Reducing Power Generation Fuel Cost

The high penetration of variable sources of renewable power generation will lead to operational difficulties in supply/demand balancing in the entire power system. The mass deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug‐in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) will also cause significant changes in electricity demand. Therefore, controlling and managing the charging time of EVs/PHEVs are effective approaches that are imperative for improving balancing in power system operation. We assumed travel patterns for EVs in a model of the future Tokyo power system and analyzed the power system loads, including the charging load of the EVs, under several charging control scenarios. We verified that charging time controls are substantially effective for reducing the fuel costs in the power system. Further, we found that load leveling under a multicar charging management scenario gave the best results in terms of the fuel costs in all cases.     

15/25MN立捣卧挤炭素挤压机主机装配攻关

立捣卧挤炭素挤压机采用立式捣固预压,卧式挤压,旋转料室+延长料室结构,旋转料室和延伸料室均采用过盈配合,粗加工后要进行热装,压机整体高度较高,由于厂内不具备现场安装条件,导致装配难度很大,通过工艺和装配攻关,确定合理的安装方案,制作专用工装工具,采取相应措施,保证装配精度符合要求。     

BC系列粒状铵油炸药装药车在矿山爆破工程中的应用

ＢＣ系列粒状铵油炸药装药车是露天矿山机械化混药、装药设备，在矿山应用已有１０年时间，给矿山带来了显著的经济效益和社会效益。本文对该系列装药车的应用实践作了简述，并对其应用情况提出了看法。     

Mass-Producible,Quasi-Zero-Strain,Lattice-Water-Rich Inorganic Open-Frameworks for Ultrafast-Charging and Long-Cycling Zinc-Ion Batteries

Low-cost and high-safety aqueous Zn-ion batteries are an exceptionally compelling technology for grid-scale energy storage. However, their development has been plagued by the lack of stable cathode materials allowing fast Zn²⁺-ion insertion and scalable synthesis. Here, a lattice-water-rich, inorganic-open-framework (IOF) phosphovanadate cathode, which is mass-producible and delivers high capacity (228 mAh g⁻¹) and energy density (193.8 Wh kg⁻¹ or 513 Wh L⁻¹), is reported. The abundant lattice waters functioning as a “charge shield” enable a low Zn²⁺-migration energy barrier, (0.66 eV) even close to that of Li⁺ within LiFePO₄. This fast intrinsic ion-diffusion kinetics, together with nanostructure effect, allow the achievements of ultrafast charging (71% state of charge in 1.9 min) and an ultrahigh power density (7200 W kg⁻¹ at 107 Wh kg⁻¹). Equally important, the IOF exhibits a quasi-zero-strain feature (<1% lattice change upon (de)zincation), which ensures ultrahigh cycling durability (3000 cycles) and Coulombic efficiencies of 100%. The cell-level energy and power densities reach ≈90 Wh kg⁻¹ and ≈3320 W kg⁻¹, far surpassing commercial lead–acid, Ni–Cd, and Ni–MH batteries. Lattice-water-rich IOFs may open up new opportunities for exploring stable and fast-charging Zn-ion batteries.     

气体间隔装药技术在边坡控制爆破中的研究

针对弓长岭露天矿西端帮固定坑线(公路)下残存有较大规模磁铁矿体的现状，为保证其充分合理回收，研究采用气体间隔装药技术来实施爆破。气体间隔装药的药柱爆炸后产生爆轰波压力或压应力效应，空气间隔柱的存在会有效降低爆轰波的初始压力，使药柱两端的空气间隔段过粉碎现象减少，爆破作用时间延长，从而保护边坡。     

行车在煤矿井下充电硐室的应用

介绍了告成矿井下充电硐室的巷道布置、设备布置,行车及其承载梁、跑道的安装情况,并对行车运行情况进行了阐述,展示了行车在煤矿井下的应用前景.     

5ESS-2000型电话交换机计费磁带的制作

介绍了5ESS-2000型电话交换机的计费方式、计费磁带的制作方法及其相关注意事项。