具有保护肠上皮细胞HT-29免受大肠杆菌和H2O2损伤潜力的植物乳杆菌的筛选

益生菌可在肠道定植从而发挥抗炎或抗氧化活性，有利于宿主肠道健康。本实验研究了从新疆传统发酵乳制品中分离得到的8?株植物乳杆菌对大肠杆菌侵袭和过氧化氢刺激肠上皮细胞HT-29的保护作用。结果表明：在8?株植物乳杆菌中，植物乳杆菌35具有最高的黏附能力。植物乳杆菌35可通过取代、竞争、排阻的方式抑制大肠杆菌对HT-29细胞的黏附，抑制率分别为42.60%、59.17%、60.19%。植物乳杆菌35及其多糖可抑制大肠杆菌刺激HT-29细胞产生白细胞介素-8；同时保护HT-29细胞免受过氧化氢的损伤，增加超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力水平并降低丙二醛含量。结论：植物乳杆菌35及其粗胞外多糖具有抑制大肠杆菌O157诱导的炎症性肠病的潜力。     

Sulfate- and pH-driven metabolic flexibility in sugarcane vinasse dark fermentation stimulates biohydrogen evolution,sulfidogenesis or homoacetogenesis

Dark fermentation of sugarcane vinasse can be used as a “cleaning” step to remove sulfate prior to methanogenesis because sulfidogenic conditions can be successfully established in parallel with biohydrogen production. Using a 2² central composite rotational design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this study assessed the impacts of bicarbonate and sulfate availability on the establishment of sulfidogenesis in the thermophilic (55 °C) fermentation of vinasse in batch reactors, equally assessing the impacts on biohydrogen evolution. CCRD-RSM results indicated the favoring of biohydrogen production at the lowest sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations, whilst the opposite was observed for sulfidogenesis. Glycerol, lactate, and hydrogen were the preferential electron donors utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), whilst ethanol was markedly consumed only at high sulfate concentrations. SRB were inhibited by sodium when dosing excess NaHCO₃ and Na₂SO₄. Complementary tests revealed maximum biohydrogen production (2.40 mmol) out of the CCRD, at pH exceeding 7.5 with no interference of sulfidogenesis. Non-efficient biohydrogen production was observed at low pH (<5.0; ～1.90 mmol) because the uptake of lactate was inhibited. Meanwhile, homoacetogenesis was established under intermediate pH range (5.5–6.5), as revealed by the accumulation of acetate (up to 2.5 g L^?1). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing further revealed the genera Thermoanaerobacterium/Pseudoclostridium, Desulfotomaculum/Desulfohalotomaculum and Sporomusaceae/Moorella as the main biohydrogen-producing, sulfate-removing and biohydrogen-consuming (homoacetogens) microbial groups, respectively. Hence, using a single inoculum source, vinasse may provide a butyrate-rich (along with biohydrogen-rich biogas) or a sulfate-free and acetate-rich fermented effluent, depending mainly on proper pH control.     

Tunable BaxSr1-xTiO3 nanoparticles induced high energy storage density in layer-structured asymmetric polymer-based nanocomposites

In order to solve the problem of low charging and discharging energy density of dielectric capacitors, the structure design of layered polymer matrix composites is carried out in this paper. Ba_0.7Sr_0.3TiO₃, Ba_0.8Sr_0.2TiO₃ and Ba_0.9Sr_0.1TiO₃ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the oxalate coprecipitation method. The surface of Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ was successfully coated with dopamine, which promoted the dispersion of the polymer matrix of the ceramic powder. Monolayer Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃/PVDF composites containing Ba_xSr_1-xTiO₃ with different Ba/Sr ratios were successfully prepared by the casting method. Three-layer asymmetric composites with different fillers were successfully prepared by layer-by-layer casting. The phase and microstructure of the as-prepared materials were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The dielectric, electrical conductivity, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the composites were tested. The effects and laws of the design of the three-layer asymmetric structure on the dielectric properties and energy storage properties of the layered composites are mainly studied. When the structure of the three-layer asymmetric composite is 1-2-3, the breakdown field strength reaches 330 kV/mm, the discharge energy density reaches 8.51 J/cm³, and the charge-discharge efficiency is 67%. This work demonstrates that layered composites with asymmetric properties can facilitate the development of electrical energy storage.     

毫米波三维异质异构集成技术的进展与应用

三维异质异构集成技术是实现电子信息系统向着微型化、高效能、高整合、低功耗及低成本方向发展的最重要方法,也是决定信息化平台中微电子和微纳系统领域未来发展的一项核心高技术。文章详细介绍了毫米波频段三维异质异构集成技术的优势、近年来的发展趋势以及面临的挑战。利用硅基MEMS 光敏复合薄膜多层布线工艺可实现异质芯片的低损耗互连,同时三维集成高性能封装滤波器、高辐射效率封装天线等无源元件,还能很好地处理布线间的电磁兼容和芯片间的屏蔽问题。最后介绍了一款新型毫米波三维异质异构集成雷达及其在远距离生命体征探测方面的应用。     

四氢姜黄素经PI3K/Akt信号通路对人血小板活化和聚集的调控作用

目的：探讨姜黄素的主要肠道代谢物四氢姜黄素（tetrahydrocurcumin，THC）对血小板活化和聚集的影响及其可能的分子机制。方法：在体外实验中，用不同浓度的THC（0、0.5、1、10 μmol/L）提前与健康人纯化血小板共同孵育40 min，然后加入凝血酶激活血小板2 min，用流式细胞术测定血小板表面CD62P和CD63的表达量，用酶联免疫吸附法测定血小板释放血小板因子-4（platelet factor-4，PF4）和趋化因子配体-5（chemokine ligand 5，CCL5）水平，用血小板聚集仪检测血小板释放ATP水平和血小板最大聚集率，用Western blot蛋白免疫印迹法检测血小板磷酸肌醇-3-激酶（phosphoinositide 3-kinase，PI3K）和Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平。结果：与模型组（血小板悬液中加入0.05%二甲基亚砜）相比，THC能抑制凝血酶诱导的血小板表面CD62P和CD63的表达，抑制PF4、CCL5和ATP的释放，降低血小板最大聚集率，下调PI3K和Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平，且呈浓度依赖效应，其中10 μmol/L的浓度下作用效果显著（P＜0.01、P＜0.001）。PI3K的特异性激动剂740 Y-P可部分逆转THC对PF4和CCL5释放和血小板聚集的抑制作用（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）。结论：THC具有显著抑制血小板活化和聚集的作用，其机制可能是THC可下调PI3K/Akt介导的信号通路。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强中空蜂窝模压复合材料性能研究

为研制车船等壳体所用的轻质、高强复合板材,选用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维纱,制备成单层经纬为120根/(10 cm)的平纹组织,采用多组经纱持续更替交织层的方法制成2L(1+0)型、4L(2+1)型、6L(3+2)型3种多层角联锁结构织物,采用扦插芯棒、模压成型方法制成菱形蜂窝状的热固性环氧树脂基中空板,并与2块真空吸液法制成的面板组成“三合一”复合板,同时测定了复合板材的结构特征及其平拉、平压和弯曲性能。结果表明:3种类型复合板的密度均远小于水的密度,其中6L(3+2)型最小,为0.48 g/cm³;复合板层数越多,环氧树脂越难渗透尤其是在中空板菱形交叉点处,复合板平拉、平压、抗弯曲强度则呈现递增,制成的6L(3+2)型复合板试样平压强度可达到1.03 MPa。     

MnS掺杂多孔碳复合材料的制备及电化学性能（两张发票1000+2500）

褐煤作为低级煤资源利用率不高，但褐煤中具有腐植酸成分，将褐煤中提取的腐植酸作为化肥原料，提取后剩余残渣作为碳源，与MnS纳米粒子制备了MnS@C复合材料。采用XRD、拉曼光谱、XPS、N2吸附-脱附、SEM和TEM对样品进行了表征。将该复合材料应用于锂离子电池负极材料，对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明，MnS@C复合材料的比表面积和孔容分别为117.19m2/g和0.044mL/g，该电极在0.1 A/g电流密度条件下循环200次后比容量高达830 mA‧h/g，且电极容量保持率为99%左右。在0.2、0.4、0.8、1.0、1.2和1.6 A/g电流密度下比容量分别为644、522、427、399、373和348mAh/g，展现出良好的倍率性能。MnS@C复合材料优异的电化学性能得益于碳基体的存在，不仅可以缓解MnS纳米粒子在嵌锂/脱锂过程中的体积膨胀，而且展示了锂离子电池高性能的巨大潜力，为褐煤的高值化利用作出巨大贡献。     

Influence of Se and Te substitutions at Tl-site of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu2O7 superconductor on the AC susceptibility and electrical properties

The Sr and Ba bearing Tl-1212 phase, Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ is an interesting superconductor. The Sr only bearing TlSr₂CaCu₂O₇ is not easily prepared in the superconducting form. The Ba only bearing TlBa₂CaCu₂O₇ on the other hand does not show improvement in the transition temperature with elemental substitution. In this work the influence of multivalent Se (non-metal) and Te (metalloid) substitutions at the Tl-site of Tl_1-xM_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ (M = Se or Te) superconductors for x = 0–0.6 was studied. The samples were prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction method. XRD patterns showed a single Tl-1212 phase for x = 0 and 0.1 Se substituted samples. The critical current density at the peak temperature, T_p of the imaginary (χ”) part of the AC susceptibility (χ = χ’ +χ”), J_c-inter(T_p) for all samples was between 15 and 21 A cm⁻². The highest superconducting transition temperature was shown by the x = 0.3 Se-substituted sample (T_c-onset = 104 K, T_c-zero = 89 K, T_cχ’ = 104 K and T_p = 80 K). Te suppressed the superconductivity of Tl-1212 phase. The order of highest transition temperatures are as follows: Tl_1-xTe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl_1-xSe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇. This work showed that Se was better than Te in improving the transition temperature and flux pinning of the Tl-1212 phase. The roles of ionic radius of Se and Te on the superconductivity of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ are discussed in this paper.     

Adaptation to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Enhances Resistance of Oral Cancer Cells to Cisplatin by Up-Regulating Polymerase η and Increasing DNA Repair Efficiency

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is an adaptive program to cope with cellular stress that disturbs the function and homeostasis of ER, which commonly occurs during cancer progression to late stage. Late-stage cancers, mostly requiring chemotherapy, often develop treatment resistance. Chemoresistance has been linked to ER stress response; however, most of the evidence has come from studies that correlate the expression of stress markers with poor prognosis or demonstrate proapoptosis by the knockdown of stress-responsive genes. Since ER stress in cancers usually persists and is essentially not induced by genetic manipulations, we used low doses of ER stress inducers at levels that allowed cell adaptation to occur in order to investigate the effect of stress response on chemoresistance. We found that prolonged tolerable ER stress promotes mesenchymal–epithelial transition, slows cell-cycle progression, and delays the S-phase exit. Consequently, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was significantly decreased in stress-adapted cells, implying their acquisition of cisplatin resistance. Molecularly, we found that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ubiquitination and the expression of polymerase η, the main polymerase responsible for translesion synthesis across cisplatin-DNA damage, were up-regulated in ER stress-adaptive cells, and their enhanced cisplatin resistance was abrogated by the knockout of polymerase η. We also found that a fraction of p53 in stress-adapted cells was translocated to the nucleus, and that these cells exhibited a significant decline in the level of cisplatin-DNA damage. Consistently, we showed that the nuclear p53 coincided with strong positivity of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) on immunostaining of clinical biopsies, and the cisplatin-based chemotherapy was less effective for patients with high levels of ER stress. Taken together, this study uncovers that adaptation to ER stress enhances DNA repair and damage tolerance, with which stressed cells gain resistance to chemotherapeutics.     

Radiation- and Photo-Induced Oxidation Pathways of Methionine in Model Peptide Backbone under Anoxic Conditions

Within the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by cellular metabolisms, hydroxyl radicals (HO^•) play an important role, being the most aggressive towards biomolecules. The reactions of HO^• with methionine residues (Met) in peptides and proteins have been intensively studied, but some fundamental aspects remain unsolved. In the present study we examined the biomimetic model made of Ac-Met-OMe, as the simplest model peptide backbone, and of HO^• generated by ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions under anoxic conditions. We performed the identification and quantification of transient species by pulse radiolysis and of final products by LC-MS and high-resolution MS/MS after γ-radiolysis. By parallel photochemical experiments, using 3-carboxybenzophenone (CB) triplet with the model peptide, we compared the outcomes in terms of short-lived intermediates and stable product identification. The result is a detailed mechanistic scheme of Met oxidation by HO^•, and by CB triplets allowed for assigning transient species to the pathways of products formation.