Intensification of continues biodiesel production process using a simultaneous mixer- separator reactor

Nowadays, Biodiesel as an alternative, sustainable and less toxic fuel has been accepted by both researchers and industry. Developing process intensification reactors with the aim of reaching more efficient process has captured the attention of many researchers recently. In order to examine a novel reactor for biodiesel production using Waste Cooking Oil as a cost-effective feedstock, and KOH as an efficient homogeneous catalyst, the present study was developed to investigate three effective parameters (Oil flow rate, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature) focusing on transesterification reaction yield in the Simultaneous Mixer-Separator (SMS) reactor, designed and fabricated exclusively for biodiesel production at Tarbiat Modares University (TMU). As the findings indicated, rising the flow rate presented an increasing trend up to 15 mL/min and a decreasing trend was found after this level. Also, catalyst concentration up to 1% w/w showed an increasing trend which was significant. Analysis of reaction temperature showed that at 60^°C the maximum yield is obtained. Furthermore, 15 mL/min oil flow rate, 1% w/w KOH concentration and 60^?C were selected as the optimal reaction conditions for continuous biodiesel production. At this point, the produced biodiesel followed by the purification step reached the yield of 96%. The produced biodiesel physicochemical properties were found to meet ASTM D6751 standard. All in all, continuous production capability, higher productivity, simultaneous separation of products, and the successful handling of waste resources distinguish the SMS reactor as a potential and efficient process intensification reactor.     

航空直流接触器电寿命预测研究

设计了适用于航空直流接触器的电寿命试验平台，并建立了电寿命预测模型。研究时选用释放时间、释放电压作为特征参数，试验数据利用小波分析的方法进行了去噪处理，分别基于BP神经网络建立了单参数和双参数的预测模型，并验证了预测效果。试验结果表明：预测模型具有良好的预测效果。所做研究是对航空直流接触器寿命预测工作进行的初步探索，同时也可以为部队航空直流接触器的维护工作提供一些参考，从而提高飞机电气系统的可靠性，保障飞行任务的顺利实施。     

填料生物转盘对农村家庭生活污水的处理

根据目前我国农村生活污水处理的现状以及农村家庭污水水量、水质的特点,提出了一种家庭生活污水处理装置-填料生物转盘。该装置采用生物膜法工艺,结合生物转盘与生物滤池工艺的特点,运用设备一体化的设计理念,设计了一种运行管理简单、结构紧凑的一体化装置。通过实际运行考察了装置用于农村家庭生活污水处理的挂膜启动情况,以及污染物的去除效果。结果表明:填料生物转盘生物膜的驯化培养需要20天的时间,稳定运行期间对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP的平均去除率分别稳定在75%、85%、65%和75%以上,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN优于城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB 18918-2002)一级A标准,出水TP达到一级B标准。装置运行管理操作简单,不需要专业技术人员,适合农村家庭污水的处理。     

氯化浸出镍溶液中钴的分离和回收

本文研究用溶剂萃取法从氯化浸出的氯化镍溶液中分离回收钴的技术。选择Ｎ＿（２３５）（叔胺）－异辛醇　－２６０号煤油萃取体系，离心萃取器做为萃取设备进行了萃取平衡试验、台架试验和半工业试验，得到的ＣｏＣｌ＿２溶液含Ｃｏ＞１２０ｇ／Ｌ，Ｃｏ／Ｎｉ＞１００００，钴收率大于９７％。     

CFD在臭氧接触系统优化中的应用

利用计算流体力学（CFD）技术,通过计算流体的停留时间分布,模拟了深圳某水厂臭氧接触池的水力效率,对臭氧接触系统进行了优化.结果表明,未设置导流板的接触池水力效率较低,T10/HRT仅为0.40.通过设计优化,增加了导流板,可将接触池的水力效率提高73%,T10/HRT为0.66.     

石墨触点在交流接触器中的应用

通过作者参与研制的“新型交流接触器”滑动旋转结构,文章对开断电路时产生的电弧引起触点电蚀机理及削减不良能量变换进行了讨论,并给出了应用石墨替代贵金属作触点完成电路转换的方法。     

FIDIC条款中关于分包行为的控制对我国总分所发展的启示与思考

本文主要探讨 FIDIC条款中有关分包行为控制对我国总分包发展的启示与思考。作者从总承包商、专业分包商、业主和提供劳务实体等四个角度对 FIDIC条款中有关分包行为控制进行了分析和讨论 ,进而探讨其对我国总分包发展的启示 ,并提出一些值得思考的几个问题     

Geometry effect on membrane absorption for CO2 capture. Part I: A hybrid modeling approach

Membrane absorption (MA) has a great prospect for CO₂ capture. In MA modeling, conventional one-dimensional (1D)- and two-dimensional (2D)-models make simplification of membrane contactor (MC) geometry. Geometry simplification allows an easy process modeling and numerical solution, however, is only reasonable for particular MCs. Here, efforts are underway to quantify the geometry effect on the MA-CO₂ performance. First, we proposed a rigorous 3D model without geometry simplification for simulating the MA-CO₂ process in real MCs and then validated it with experimental data. More importantly, we highlighted a preferable hybrid model in which two correction factors were introduced to a 2D model to make the simulation results approximately equal to the 3D simulation values. The correction factors were correlated with dimensionless fluid dynamic parameters for characterizing the geometry effects on flowing fluids. Such hybrid modeling contributes to characterizing the influence of geometry on the MA-CO₂ performance and improving computation accuracy-efficiency combinations.     

Porous polyethersulfone hollow fiber membrane in gas–liquid contacting processes

Porous polyethersulfone hollow fiber membranes were fabricated via dry–wet phase inversion method with the polymer concentration in the spinning dope either 13 wt% or 15 wt%. The fabricated hollow fiber membranes were characterized by different test methods and the performance of membranes in contactor applications was tested by CO₂ absorption. The mean pore size, effective surface porosity and membrane porosity decreased while the membrane density and Liquid Entry Pressure (LEPw) increased as polymer concentration increased. The CO₂ absorption flux of the fabricated membranes was measured in two cases; i.e. when the absorbent, distilled water, was in the lumen side or in the shell side. The CO₂ flux for the membrane, fabricated from 13 wt% PES solution, was compared with some commercial and in-house made membranes. The former membrane had 111% higher flux than a commercial PTFE membrane.     

Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membrane contactors for CO2 stripping: Effect of PEG-400 in spinning dope

In order to develop the structure of microporous PVDF membranes, PEG-400 was introduced into the polymer dope as a non-solvent additive. The hollow fiber membranes were prepared via a wet phase-inversion process and then used in the membrane contactor modules for CO₂ stripping from water. By addition of different amounts of PEG-400, cloud points of the polymer dope were obtained to examine phase-inversion behavior. From FESEM analysis, the membrane structure changed from a finger-like to an approximately sponge-like morphology with the addition of 4 wt.% of PEG-400. The prepared membranes presented smaller mean pore size (0.13 μm) and significantly higher wetting pressure (550 kPa) compared to the plain membrane. From CO₂ stripping test, at water velocity of 0.4 m/s, the PVDF membranes prepared by 4% PEG-400 demonstrated an approximate CO₂ stripping flux of 4.5 × 10⁻⁵ (mol/m² s) which is 125% higher than the flux of the plain membrane. It could be concluded that structurally developed hydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membranes can be prepared by a controlled phase-inversion process to enhance the performance of gas–liquid membrane contactor.