Short Circuit Current Calculation Method of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator with Crowbar Protection Based on Flux Transient Characteristics

With the wide application of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), accurate calculation and analysis of the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection has become very important key to realizing the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of DFIG and establishing the corresponding grid protection scheme. In view of this, a method to calculate the short circuit currents of DFIG with crowbar protection when different types of fault occur in the grid is proposed in this paper. First, the DFIG stator and rotor 2nd-order differential equations in the cases of grid symmetrical fault and asymmetrical fault are established respectively. And the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance remains unchanged in the fault duration is obtained. On this basis, the short circuit current calculation model when crowbar resistance varies in the fault duration is derived. And then, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the short circuit current calculation model is analyzed, including the variation pattern of flux eigenvalues with the crowbar resistance, and the variation feature of flux amplitude and phase angle with the rotor speed. Besides, the transient variation characteristics of different flux components are studied. Finally, time-domain simulation tests verify that the proposed calculation method is correct and applicable to different types of crowbar circuits in the market. Besides, the influence of crowbar resistance and DFIG rotor speed on the stator short circuit current peak, peak time and current frequency in different fault cases is revealed.     

对称故障且crowbar保护未动作情况下双馈感应发电机转子电流增量分析

定量分析双馈感应发电机在机端发生对称短路故障过程中转子电流增量特性,对风电场的规划设计、保护配置以及降低连锁脱网故障风险具有重要意义。以机端发生对称短路期间转子转速、初相以及定转子励磁电压恒定为研究条件,分析了crowbar保护（撬棒保护）未动作情况下双馈感应发电机的电磁暂态过程,并根据叠加原理,提出了机端发生对称短路故障下的转子电流增量最大值的计算方法,并且在忽略定子绕组和转子绕组的基础上,推导了机端电压增量与转子电流增量之间的解析计算模型。通过不同机型的风电机组的数值计算结果进行对比,解析计算模型的计算误差小于10%,验证了解析计算模型的有效性。     

考虑撬棒保护接入的双馈感应发电机转子磁链动态特性

撬棒保护电路的接入会改变低电压穿越过程中双馈感应发电机(DFIG)定转子磁链间的耦合过程和耦合强度,由此将影响机组磁链衰减动态和撬棒保护性能。针对这一问题,提出了一种刻画定子磁链与转子绕组交链感应作用的磁链耦合系数,将电网故障后电机的磁链暂态耦合过程处理为不同状态的叠加,综合研究撬棒电阻对转子感应磁链正序、负序和暂态反向交流分量幅值和相角的耦合规律,用转子磁链空间矢量图和矢量轨迹图描述转子磁链动态响应过程。最后,针对电网不对称故障下撬棒取值的问题,提出了一种基于转子磁链幅值配比原理和最优倾角的撬棒阻值选取方法。该方法可减小磁链耦合不当对机组的暂态冲击,从而有效改善机组的无功外特性和瞬态性能。采用MATLAB/Simulink仿真验证了理论分析和所提方法的正确性。     

A Novel Crowbar Impulse Current Circuit for Testing the Switch-Type SPD

A crowbar impulse current circuit for testing the switch-type surge protective device （SPD） is presented. The crowbar circuit consists of a computer control circuit, a trigger voltage pulse generator, a main discharging switch, and a crowbar pseudospark switch. The active trigger technology was studied in the crowbar impulse current circuit. The circuit monitors the main discharging current and generates a trigger signal at a proper time for the crowbar pseudospark switch operation. The trigger characteristics of the main discharge switch and the crowbar pseu- dospark switch were investigated. By monitoring the preset applied capacitor voltage, the gap distance of the main discharging switch could be adjusted to ensure a discharging delay time less than 2 μs. Equipped with a surface ttashover trigger device made of high relative perimittivity dielectric material BaTiO3 （εr = 3460）, the discharge delay time of the crowbar pseudospark switch is less than 85 ns, and the minimum operating voltage is less than 1% of its self-breakdown voltage. With a storage capacitor of 9 μF , an inductor of 18 μH and a crowbar pseudospark switch, a load of 30 mΩ and an applied capacitor voltage of 40 kV, an impulse current waveform of maximum 25 kA was generated with a rise time and time to half peak value of 17.2 μs and 336μs respectively.     

直驱式VSCF风电系统直流侧Crowbar电路的仿真分析

为提高直驱式变速恒频风电系统的故障穿越能力，采用直流侧过压保护（crowbar）电路，使电网电压跌落时风力机能够保持正常运行，故障消除后系统快速恢复至额定输出。基于对几种常用直流侧crowbar方案的分析比较，选择卸荷负载作为crowbar电路，对网侧变换器和卸荷负载的控制原理及其配合进行了详细说明，对采用和不采用crowbar电路时变换器的跌落特性进行了仿真分析和对比。仿真结果显示采用卸荷负载控制简单，容易实现与网侧变换器的配合，可有效增强直驱式风电系统的低电压穿越能力。     

变速恒频直驱型风电系统低压穿越技术

随着变速恒频型风电在电网中所占份额不断增加,电力系统对并网风电系统的故障运行能力,尤其是电网电压瞬间跌落故障下的不间断运行能力提出了严格的要求,而基于全功率变流器的永磁直驱型风电系统已经被证实具有出色的低压运行特性.因此,本文对变速恒频直驱型风电系统低压穿越技术进行研究.首先分析了电网故障对直驱型风电系统的不良影响,然...     

计及撬棒保护的双馈风电机组不对称短路电流特性分析

电网故障时,双馈式感应风电机组(DFIG)在机端电压深度跌落过程中表现出的电磁暂态特性十分复杂。计及撬棒保护的DFIG不对称短路特性研究较少,为了准确描述机端电压深度跌落过程中DFIG不对称短路电流变化特性,基于空间矢量和序分量法,建立了双馈感应电机的正、负序数学模型。在考虑双馈风电机组不同初始运行功率的情况下,通过数学解析的方法推导了撬棒保护电路投入后定转子正、负序磁链的计算表达式,在此基础上得到了定、转子电流的解析表达式。该方法同样适用于对称性故障时DFIG短路电流的解析计算。最后,通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件验证了双馈风电机组机端发生对称和不对称电压跌落时定子电流解析计算表达式的准确性。     

双馈感应发电机接入电网的三相短路电流峰值评估

短路电流计算是电网规划和保护的基础,文中将双馈感应发电机(DFIG)定子磁链强制分量归算至定子侧,将定子磁链直流分量归算至转子侧,形成静态等值电路,分析转子感应磁链随转速的变化规律,研究转子电阻对故障时定子磁链直流分量动态衰减及其与转子绕组感应过程的影响,推导电网三相短路时DFIG定子短路电流解析式。比较了近端和远端故障时不同撬棒电阻对应定子短路电流特性,提出了DFIG接入电网的三相短路电流峰值评估方法。该方法能有效计算DFIG机端、馈线上下游和其他馈线故障时的三相短路电流峰值序列,采用MATLAB/Simulink软件仿真验证了所提出方法的正确性。     

双馈风电机组不对称故障穿越性能优化

低电压穿越是并网风电发展的关键技术,而撬棒保护电路是提高低电压穿越能力的有效方法之一.但是,撬棒电阻取值、切除时间以及直流母线稳定影响着风力机的低电压穿越性能.文中提出了根据双馈异步电机不对称故障负序电流的撬棒切除时刻判定依据和基于超级电容器的直流母线稳压方法,提高了双馈异步电机的故障穿越能力.在DIgSILENT平台上建立双馈异步电机实验模型,仿真结果验证了所提方法的合理性.