粉体含能材料生产与储运中的静电安全及防护

分析了静电产生的原因,阐述了粉体含能材料生产中的静电起电现象、静电的危害、静电安全性评估标准以及建立在此标准基础上的静电放电危险的评价办法,提出了粉体含能材料在生产、运输中所需要采取的静电防护措施。     

Transparent tetragonal-cubic zirconia composite ceramics densified by spark plasma sintering and hot isostatic pressing

Targeting higher toughness transparent ceramics, tetragonal (3 mol % yttria) and cubic (8 mol % yttria) ZrO₂ starting powder mixtures were densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) in vacuum at 1100 °C and post hot isostatic pressing (HIP) in argon at 1100 °C. The influence of the ultra-fine microstructure and phase composition on the fracture resistance and light transmission in the visible and infra-red range was assessed. Of special interest was the influence of a thermal annealing step in air on the transparency of the SPS and SPS-HIP ceramics.     

聚苯乙烯磺酸钠掺杂正渗透膜的制备及其性能

通过两步无皂乳液聚合法，改变第二步对苯乙烯磺酸钠的加入量，制备表面携带磺酸根基团量不同的纳米粒子（PSS），并将其应用于正渗透（FO）膜的制备。采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）和光电子能谱仪（XPS）表征粒子组成，通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征膜的表面和断面形貌，测定膜孔隙率和亲水性，考察表面磺酸根量不同的聚合物粒子对膜结构性能的影响。结果表明，PSS的引入能提高膜的孔隙率，改善膜的亲水性，且随着粒子表面携带的磺酸根基团量增多，膜的孔隙率与亲水性也随之提高。这是因为PSS粒子可以支撑内部孔道，且表面携带的亲水基团-SO3Na可以提高膜的亲水性，影响活性层的形成。所制备的FO膜性能也得到相应改善，水通量达到了61.1L/(m²·h)，为纯聚砜膜的2.8倍，盐截留率达到93.2%，J_s/J_v值仅为0.31g/L，性能得到极大提升。     

Binary whale optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic approach for profit-based unit commitment problems in competitive electricity markets

This article presents a metaheuristic approach, the binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), to solve complex, constrained, non-convex, binary-nature profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) optimization problems of a price-taking generation company (GenCo) in the electricity market. To simulate the binary-nature PBUC problem, the continuous, real-value whale position/location is mapped into binary search space through various transfer functions. This article introduces three variants of BWOA using tangential hyperbolic, inverse tangent (arctan) and sigmoidal transfer functions. The effectiveness of the BWOA approaches is examined in test systems with different market mechanisms, i.e. an energy-only market, and energy and reserve market participation with different reserve payment methods. The simulation results are presented, discussed and compared with other existing approaches. The convergence characteristics, solution quality and consistency of the results across different BWOA variants are discussed. The superiority and statistical significance of the proposed approaches with respect to existing approaches is also presented.     

A new linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer for reconstructing EEG sparse sources

Brain source imaging based on EEG aims to reconstruct the neural activities producing the scalp potentials. This includes solving the forward and inverse problems. The aim of the inverse problem is to estimate the activity of the brain sources based on the measured data and leadfield matrix computed in the forward step. Spatial filtering, also known as beamforming, is an inverse method that reconstructs the time course of the source at a particular location by weighting and linearly combining the sensor data. In this paper, we considered a temporal assumption related to the time course of the source, namely sparsity, in the Linearly Constrained Minimum Variance (LCMV) beamformer. This assumption sounds reasonable since not all brain sources are active all the time such as epileptic spikes and also some experimental protocols such as electrical stimulations of a peripheral nerve can be sparse in time. Developing the sparse beamformer is done by incorporating L1-norm regularization of the beamformer output in the relevant cost function while obtaining the filter weights. We called this new beamformer SParse LCMV (SP-LCMV). We compared the performance of the SP-LCMV with that of LCMV for both superficial and deep sources with different amplitudes using synthetic EEG signals. Also, we compared them in localization and reconstruction of sources underlying electric median nerve stimulation. Results show that the proposed sparse beamformer can enhance reconstruction of sparse sources especially in the case of sources with high amplitude spikes.     

Classic and inverse compositional Gauss-Newton in global DIC

Today, effective implementations of digital image correlation (DIC) are based on iterative algorithms with constant linear operators. A relevant idea of the classic finite element (or, more generally, global) DIC solver consists in replacing the gradient of the deformed state image with that of the reference image, so as to obtain a constant operator. Different arguments (small strains, small deformations, equality of the two gradients close to the solution, etc) have been given in the literature to justify this approximation, but none of them are fully accurate. Indeed, the convergence of the optimization algorithm has to be investigated from its ability to produce descent directions. Through such a study, this paper attempts to explain why this approximation works and what is its domain of validity. Then, an inverse compositional Gauss-Newton implementation of finite element DIC is proposed as a cost-effective and mathematically sound alternative to this approximation.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

叠前AVAZ裂缝预测技术在车排子凸起的应用

近几年裂缝型油气藏越来越受到人们的重视，车排子凸起东翼石炭系发育高角度、高密度的火山岩裂缝储层。首先开展叠前P波反射系数的各向异性理论分析，然后结合工区特点进行裂缝地震响应正演模拟，并在此基础上对叠前地震资料进行方位角道集的划分，最后使用AVAZ裂缝预测技术完成裂缝空间展布特征预测。裂缝发育密度和方向预测结果与研究区成像测井资料具有良好的一致性，为该区今后的油气勘探与开发奠定了基础，也为车排子凸起其他地区的裂缝储层预测提供了技术思路。     

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩分布

塔里木盆地下寒武统烃源岩是近年来诸多学者研究的热点，对于其分布的认识还存在一定的分歧，并成为制约寒武系勘探及区带优选的重要因素。基于野外露头及盆地内钻井资料的认识，分析下寒武统烃源岩的沉积环境；通过正演模拟下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩的地震反射特征，结合模拟结果，刻画下寒武统玉尔吐斯组烃源岩沉积边界；基于震旦系与寒武系地震解释与成图研究，分析寒武系沉积前古地貌特征及寒武系的沉积环境，探讨下寒武统烃源岩的主要控制因素，旨在解决下寒武统生烃源岩的生烃中心，指导寒武系有利勘探区带的优选。研究认为，玉尔吐斯组为寒武纪早期持续海侵背景下、分布稳定的烃源岩；正演模拟结果及地震资料表明，玉尔吐斯组表现为寒武系底部强波峰—强波谷的地震反射特征，在盆地内可追踪对比；根据塔里木盆地震旦纪与早寒武世古地理格局认识，认为寒武系台缘斜坡—盆地一带为下寒武统烃源岩厚度加厚区，是台盆区烃源岩最富集的地区。