粉体含能材料生产与储运中的静电安全及防护

分析了静电产生的原因,阐述了粉体含能材料生产中的静电起电现象、静电的危害、静电安全性评估标准以及建立在此标准基础上的静电放电危险的评价办法,提出了粉体含能材料在生产、运输中所需要采取的静电防护措施。     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

基于作业动因的工业企业质量成本核算研究——以×锅炉制造企业为例

准确清晰的质量成本核算是实现高效质量成本管理的前提和基础。本文尝试将作业成本法的思想引入工业企业质量成本核算，以企业现行财务核算体系为基础，基于作业动因设计质量成本归集、分配的具体程序和核算模型，并以×锅炉制造企业为例，对其质量成本核算进行基于作业动因的系统全面的仿真模拟。研究表明，新的方法能够清晰划分质量作业中心，设置作业成本库来归集质量费用，费用界定更为科学，能够更加全面反映各个作业环节的质量耗费，并可根据成本动因追溯成本形成的作业根源，有助于提升管理效率。同时通过全面完整地展示作业质量成本核算在工业企业中的运用，解决了方法的实践落地问题，为后续的应用推广奠定了基础。     

Binary whale optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic approach for profit-based unit commitment problems in competitive electricity markets

This article presents a metaheuristic approach, the binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), to solve complex, constrained, non-convex, binary-nature profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) optimization problems of a price-taking generation company (GenCo) in the electricity market. To simulate the binary-nature PBUC problem, the continuous, real-value whale position/location is mapped into binary search space through various transfer functions. This article introduces three variants of BWOA using tangential hyperbolic, inverse tangent (arctan) and sigmoidal transfer functions. The effectiveness of the BWOA approaches is examined in test systems with different market mechanisms, i.e. an energy-only market, and energy and reserve market participation with different reserve payment methods. The simulation results are presented, discussed and compared with other existing approaches. The convergence characteristics, solution quality and consistency of the results across different BWOA variants are discussed. The superiority and statistical significance of the proposed approaches with respect to existing approaches is also presented.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

对于组建国家油气管网公司的思考及建议

2019年3月19日有关部门审议通过了《石油天然气管网运营机制改革实施意见》,组建国家油气管网公司是其中的核心内容。这标志着我国油气体制改革的实施进入了重点推进阶段。为了加深对于油气市场化改革的理解,从优化油气行业市场结构、促进油气管网基础设施互联互通和公平开放、推进油气价格市场化改革、推动国有油气企业转型升级发展等4个方面阐述了组建国家油气管网公司的积极意义,并就国家油气管网公司成立与油气体制改革、国有油气企业、管网投资建设、地方管网协同、油气价格、民生用气保障等相关问题进行了探讨。进而基于我国能源行业发展的特点、油气产业的现状和长期改革实践的经验和教训,提出了相关建议:(1)加快推进油气产业链上下游环节改革;(2)尽快推进提升监管能力的制度建设;(3)支持管网投资建设运营主体多元化;(4)做好国家管网和地方管网的统筹协调;(5)重点推进天然气基础设施整合及开放;(6)处理好管网公司组建涉及的资产、长期贸易协议、配套运行和监管规则等其他问题。以期更好地达成组建国家油气管网公司和推进油气体制改革的目标。     

超声波解冻与传统解冻方式的比较与竞争力评估

超声波解冻通过空化效应、机械效应和热效应对冷冻食品进行解冻,解冻效率高、对冷冻食品的损伤较小。该文简要介绍了空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻的解冻机制及研究进展,详细阐述了超声波解冻的机制及研究进展。将超声波解冻与空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻进行对比,发现超声波解冻的解冻效率最优,且将超声波与这3种传统解冻方式结合可以提高解冻效率,并且获得更好的解冻效果。超声波频率和强度以及冻结食品的解冻温度是影响解冻效果的主要参数。超声波在食品中的衰减程度受到解冻温度的影响极大,因此在调节超声波频率和强度同时调控解冻温度对解冻效果至关重要。     

顺应改革趋势,促进公平开放——新版《油气管网设施公平开放监管办法》解读

2019年5月24日,国家四部委(国家发展和改革委员会、国家能源局、住房和城乡建设部、国家市场监督管理总局)联合印发了《油气管网设施公平开放监管办法》(以下简称新版《办法》),以进一步改革机制、强化监管,更大力度地推动油气管网设施公平开放,更好地营造公平开放的制度环境。为此,在分析我国油气管网设施公平开放现状及存在的主要问题的基础上,对新版《办法》进行了详细梳理和解读,认为其内容亮点主要表现在以下7个方面:①强调非歧视性原则,保障开放服务的公平公正;②调整监管范围,政策制定更具针对性;③鼓励基础设施建设和互联互通,夯实公平开放基础;④大力推进信息公开,提高公平开放的科学性、规范性和透明度;⑤规范申请要求,优化受理流程,建立基于服务合同的约束机制;⑥推行天然气能量计量计价,以更好适应国际管输和贸易规则;⑦提出管输服务多样化和平衡机制等新举措,引导公平开放市场化方向发展。最后,就新版《办法》落地后需要完善的工作提出了建议:①夯实法律法规基础,制定完善相关配套细则;②提升监管效能,保证政策落地执行;③积极应对油气管网运营机制改革,做好对国家管网公司的监管工作。     

Electricity consumption,CO2 emission,and economic growth in the Middle East

This study examines the impact of electricity consumption on the economic growth in the Middle East countries during the period 1990–2008. The panel model is used in this study. Based on the cointegration test results, it is found that CO₂ emission and electricity consumption have a long-run relationship with economic growth. Moreover, there is also a bi-directional Granger causality between electricity consumption, CO₂ emission, and economic growth in both the short run and the long run. The results of this study show clearly that electricity consumption plays an important role in the economic growth of the Middle East countries.