粉体含能材料生产与储运中的静电安全及防护

分析了静电产生的原因,阐述了粉体含能材料生产中的静电起电现象、静电的危害、静电安全性评估标准以及建立在此标准基础上的静电放电危险的评价办法,提出了粉体含能材料在生产、运输中所需要采取的静电防护措施。     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Binary whale optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic approach for profit-based unit commitment problems in competitive electricity markets

This article presents a metaheuristic approach, the binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), to solve complex, constrained, non-convex, binary-nature profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) optimization problems of a price-taking generation company (GenCo) in the electricity market. To simulate the binary-nature PBUC problem, the continuous, real-value whale position/location is mapped into binary search space through various transfer functions. This article introduces three variants of BWOA using tangential hyperbolic, inverse tangent (arctan) and sigmoidal transfer functions. The effectiveness of the BWOA approaches is examined in test systems with different market mechanisms, i.e. an energy-only market, and energy and reserve market participation with different reserve payment methods. The simulation results are presented, discussed and compared with other existing approaches. The convergence characteristics, solution quality and consistency of the results across different BWOA variants are discussed. The superiority and statistical significance of the proposed approaches with respect to existing approaches is also presented.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

超声波解冻与传统解冻方式的比较与竞争力评估

超声波解冻通过空化效应、机械效应和热效应对冷冻食品进行解冻,解冻效率高、对冷冻食品的损伤较小。该文简要介绍了空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻的解冻机制及研究进展,详细阐述了超声波解冻的机制及研究进展。将超声波解冻与空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻进行对比,发现超声波解冻的解冻效率最优,且将超声波与这3种传统解冻方式结合可以提高解冻效率,并且获得更好的解冻效果。超声波频率和强度以及冻结食品的解冻温度是影响解冻效果的主要参数。超声波在食品中的衰减程度受到解冻温度的影响极大,因此在调节超声波频率和强度同时调控解冻温度对解冻效果至关重要。     

考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力模型

为研究多时间尺度电力交易下配电网的最大供电能力,首先从中长期+现货交易模式入手,将多时间尺度下的交易转变为单时间尺度交易;其次,建立考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力双层模型,并运用原始对偶内点法和改进的重复潮流算法求解;最后通过算例,对中长期+现货交易模式下的配电网最大供电能力进行计算分析。结果表明,考虑多尺度电力交易下的配电网最大供电能力得到了提升,且随着现货交易的深入,提升得越明显。研究成果可为电力市场环境下提升配电网最大供电能力提供参考。     

Coupling heat storage to nuclear reactors for variable electricity output with baseload reactor operation

Nuclear reactors produce heat and thus can couple to heat storage systems to provide dispacthable electricity while the reactor operates at full power. Six classes of heat storage technologies couple to light-water reactors with steam cycles. Firebrick Resistance-Heated Energy Storage (FIRES) converts low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry or power. FIRES and brick recuperators coupled to nuclear brayton power cycles may enable high-temperature reactors to buy electricity when prices are low and sell electricity at higher price.     

A comprehensive evaluation of energy storage options for better sustainability

Due to ever increasing global energy demand and the limited nature of fossil fuel reserves, there has been tremendous research and development studies in the literature, focusing on alternative and clean energy resources and systems. Renewables are the promising choice when it comes to addressing some critical energy issues such as climate change and energy security. However, renewables have intermittent and discontinuous supplies; hence, they need to be stored in ways that are affordable, reliable, flexible, clean, safe, and efficient. As a result, energy storage is becoming a crucial step to build innovative energy systems for a sustainable future. Energy can be stored in many forms, from electrical to chemical (eg, hydrogen), or electrochemical, thermal, electromagnetic, etc. Each form consists of different technologies, some of which are already commercially mature while others are at early research and development stages. Each of these options can be tailored to meet different end users' needs at different scales. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive review on the most recent status of energy storage options, along with the requirements of various end users, and characteristics of smart energy storage systems. The main objective is to summarize the performance evaluation statuses of mechanical, electrochemical, chemical, thermal, and electromagnetic energy storage technologies. The selected performance measures are capacity flexibility, energy arbitrage, system balancing, congestion management, environmental impact, and power quality. In the end, some key recommendations and future directions for energy storage systems are provided.     

Malaysia’s electricity market structure in transition

The Malaysian electricity industry evolved from a vertically integrated utility into a single-buyer model, which considered a precursor to deregulation and a competitive market. This study considers electricity sector reform in Malaysia and proposes a market structure for the industry. We focus on the single-buyer model and the pool model for the analysis with the recommendation on reform stages required to ensure a smooth and successful market transition. A smooth transition from regulated market into deregulated market will ensure market stability and sustainability of the energy market. It will also provide enough time for the market participants to adapt and transit from regulated to deregulated energy market.