粉体含能材料生产与储运中的静电安全及防护

分析了静电产生的原因,阐述了粉体含能材料生产中的静电起电现象、静电的危害、静电安全性评估标准以及建立在此标准基础上的静电放电危险的评价办法,提出了粉体含能材料在生产、运输中所需要采取的静电防护措施。     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

Binary whale optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic approach for profit-based unit commitment problems in competitive electricity markets

This article presents a metaheuristic approach, the binary whale optimization algorithm (BWOA), to solve complex, constrained, non-convex, binary-nature profit-based unit commitment (PBUC) optimization problems of a price-taking generation company (GenCo) in the electricity market. To simulate the binary-nature PBUC problem, the continuous, real-value whale position/location is mapped into binary search space through various transfer functions. This article introduces three variants of BWOA using tangential hyperbolic, inverse tangent (arctan) and sigmoidal transfer functions. The effectiveness of the BWOA approaches is examined in test systems with different market mechanisms, i.e. an energy-only market, and energy and reserve market participation with different reserve payment methods. The simulation results are presented, discussed and compared with other existing approaches. The convergence characteristics, solution quality and consistency of the results across different BWOA variants are discussed. The superiority and statistical significance of the proposed approaches with respect to existing approaches is also presented.     

Electricity Production

Current data on net electricity production, as well as a breakdown of production by country. Updated on a monthly basis.     

超声波解冻与传统解冻方式的比较与竞争力评估

超声波解冻通过空化效应、机械效应和热效应对冷冻食品进行解冻,解冻效率高、对冷冻食品的损伤较小。该文简要介绍了空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻的解冻机制及研究进展,详细阐述了超声波解冻的机制及研究进展。将超声波解冻与空气解冻、水解冻和电解冻进行对比,发现超声波解冻的解冻效率最优,且将超声波与这3种传统解冻方式结合可以提高解冻效率,并且获得更好的解冻效果。超声波频率和强度以及冻结食品的解冻温度是影响解冻效果的主要参数。超声波在食品中的衰减程度受到解冻温度的影响极大,因此在调节超声波频率和强度同时调控解冻温度对解冻效果至关重要。     

Electricity consumption,CO2 emission,and economic growth in the Middle East

This study examines the impact of electricity consumption on the economic growth in the Middle East countries during the period 1990–2008. The panel model is used in this study. Based on the cointegration test results, it is found that CO₂ emission and electricity consumption have a long-run relationship with economic growth. Moreover, there is also a bi-directional Granger causality between electricity consumption, CO₂ emission, and economic growth in both the short run and the long run. The results of this study show clearly that electricity consumption plays an important role in the economic growth of the Middle East countries.     

考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力模型

为研究多时间尺度电力交易下配电网的最大供电能力,首先从中长期+现货交易模式入手,将多时间尺度下的交易转变为单时间尺度交易;其次,建立考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力双层模型,并运用原始对偶内点法和改进的重复潮流算法求解;最后通过算例,对中长期+现货交易模式下的配电网最大供电能力进行计算分析。结果表明,考虑多尺度电力交易下的配电网最大供电能力得到了提升,且随着现货交易的深入,提升得越明显。研究成果可为电力市场环境下提升配电网最大供电能力提供参考。     

Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective

With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.     

Coupling heat storage to nuclear reactors for variable electricity output with baseload reactor operation

Nuclear reactors produce heat and thus can couple to heat storage systems to provide dispacthable electricity while the reactor operates at full power. Six classes of heat storage technologies couple to light-water reactors with steam cycles. Firebrick Resistance-Heated Energy Storage (FIRES) converts low-price electricity into high-temperature stored heat for industry or power. FIRES and brick recuperators coupled to nuclear brayton power cycles may enable high-temperature reactors to buy electricity when prices are low and sell electricity at higher price.