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1.
Hydrogel-based nanofibers or vice versa are a relatively new class of nanomaterials, in which hydrogels are structured in nanofibrous form. Structure and size of the material directly governs its functionality, therefore, in hydrogel science, the nanofibrous form of hydrogels enables its usage in targeted applications. Hydrogel nanofiber system combines the desirable properties of both hydrogel and nanofiber like flexibility, soft consistency, elasticity, and biocompatibility due to high water content, large surface area to volume ratio, low density, small pore size and interconnected pores, high stiffness, tensile strength, and surface functionality. Swelling behavior is a critical property of hydrogels that is significantly increased in hydrogel nanofibers due to their small size. Electrospinning is the most popular method to fabricate “hydrogel nanofibers,” while other processes like self-assembly, solution blowing and template synthesis also exist. Merging the characteristics of both hydrogels and nanofibers in one system allows applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering, actuation, wound dressing, photoluminescence, light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), waterproof breathable membranes, and enzymatic immobilization. Treatment of wastewater, detection, and adsorption of metal ions are also emerging applications. In this review paper, we intend to summarize in detail about electrospun “hydrogel nanofiber” in relation to its synthesis, properties, and applications.  相似文献   
2.
Volume of fluid (VOF) method with its Piecewise Linear Interface Calculation (PLIC) reconstruction algorithm is one of the most popular approaches in numerical simulation of interfacial flows with a wide range of applications in different areas. In an effort to evaluate the similarity of the PLIC-generated planes in comparison with the exact interface, a point-cloud, based on the polygon centers of PLIC planes is extracted, which later is used to form a triangular grid that represents the estimated interface. The main objective of this article is to evaluate the interface geometrical properties based on the extracted triangular grid of the interface. The methods presented in this article, characterized by a higher spatially convergence ratio, are compared with the commonly used methods. The proposed methods are tested for two 3-dimensional general test cases, where an evident improvement is seen in calculation accuracy and spatial convergence of the errors of interface normal vector and curvature.  相似文献   
3.
In the present numerical study, the combined effect of temperature-dependent thermal conductivity, linear thermal radiation, and magnetic effect on shear-thinning tangent hyperbolic fluid past a sensor surface has been studied. After converting the modelled partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation, the system of equations is tackled with the aid of the shooting method. The influence of important parameters on the fluid motion and energy distribution is displayed graphically and analyzed in detail. The presented simulations depict that a significant rise in fluid velocity is noticed for an enhancement in the magnetic parameter while an opposite trend is observed for the temperature distribution. Moreover, the skin friction coefficient decreases as the squeezed flow index is increased.  相似文献   
4.
山溪性河流上梯级枢纽开发,由于河道水浅、滩多、弯道多,给枢纽整体布置带来较大困难,以天马枢纽为依托,建立了比尺为1∶100的枢纽整体水力学物理模型,采用超声波多普勒测速技术(ADV)研究了船闸口门区的水流条件。试验结果表明,原枢纽布置方案下,上游停泊段未做掩护措施,船闸口门区流速过大,不利于通航;调整航道中心线后,修建隔流墙及调整泄洪闸的运行方式均可改善上游船闸的通航水流条件,在考虑河道的行洪后,推荐使用调整泄洪闸运行方式的措施。为天马枢纽单线船闸工程通航水流条件改善提供技术支持,同时亦为其他山溪性河流上的船闸改善通航水流条件提供了参考。  相似文献   
5.
Diabetes mellitus is a major healthcare problem. It is not only characterized by hyperglycemia and chronic complications, but in longer lasting diabetes and a longer living population, it is also associated with accelerated arterial ageing, which importantly contributes to cardiovascular complications. The accelerated arterial ageing in patients with diabetes should be considered separately from arterial ageing in patients without diabetes. Basic and clinical research have allowed better insight into the mechanisms of arterial ageing. In a simplified mechanistic way, it could be considered that the three tightly connected cornerstone characteristics of arterial ageing in patients with diabetes are: phenotypic presentation as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness, and the underlying basic ageing-facilitating mechanism represented as the impaired expression of genetic longevity pathways. Currently, specific drugs for preventing/treating arterial ageing are not available. Therefore, we aimed to review the capacity of available drugs, particularly antidiabetic drugs, to interfere with the arterial ageing process. In the near future, these characteristics could help to guide therapy in patients with diabetes. Overall, it appears that arterial ageing could become a new target in diabetes. The expanding knowledge regarding the capability of antidiabetic drugs and other available drugs to inhibit/delay arterial aging is therefore essential.  相似文献   
6.
In this study, gradual and sudden reduction methods were combined to simulate a progressive failure in notched composite plates using a macro mechanics approach. Using the presented method, a progressive failure is simulated based on a linear softening law prior to a catastrophic failure, and thereafter, sudden reduction methods are employed for modeling a progressive failure. This combination method significantly reduces the computational cost and is also capable of simultaneously predicting the first and last ply failures (LPFs) in composite plates. The proposed method is intended to predict the first ply failure (FPF), LPF, and dominant failure modes of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy notched composite plates. In addition, the effects of mechanical properties and different stacking sequences on the propagation of damage in notched composite plates were studied. The results of the presented method were compared with experimental data previously reported in the literature. By comparing the numerical and experimental data, it is revealed that the proposed method can accurately simulate the failure propagation in notched composite plates at a low computational cost.  相似文献   
7.
采用水热法制备BaTiO_3-TiO_2复合材料,以罗丹明B为降解对象,研究BaTiO_3退火处理对BaTi O3-TiO_2复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明:BaTiO_3退火后所制备的BaTiO_3-TiO_2复合材料光催化活性比纯TiO_2、BaTiO_3以及BaTiO_3退火前的复合材料好。退火后BaTiO_3颗粒尺寸增大,四方相所占的比重增加,内建电场增大,提高复合材料界面处TiO_2光生载流子的分离率,表现出更优的光催化活性。  相似文献   
8.
长期运行的复合绝缘子容易出现老化、破损及芯棒碳化等缺陷,对其附近开展带电作业造成安全隐患。以500 kV 线路I串复合绝缘子为例,通过开展复合绝缘子不同导通性缺陷条件下间隙操作冲击放电试验,获得了相应工况下的放电特性,并结合带电作业绝缘配合方法,确定了500 kV 输电线路I型复合绝缘子导通性缺陷的位置及尺寸限制要求。试验研究结果表明,复合绝缘子导通性缺陷存在于高压端位置时,带电作业间隙的操作冲击放电电压更低,对带电作业的安全影响更大;为保证带电作业安全开展,当复合绝缘子高压端存在导通性缺陷时,绝缘子高压端允许最大导通性缺陷长度为0.7 m;当复合绝缘子中部存在导通性缺陷时,缺陷位于距离高压端约1/4串长处放电电压最低,允许绝缘子最大导通性缺陷长度为0.9 m。确定的复合绝缘子导通性缺陷位置及尺寸限制要求,可为输电线路复合绝缘子开展带电安全检修作业提供技术支撑,可指导带电作业前复合绝缘子的安全性检测工作。  相似文献   
9.
This paper presents a research study on a bridge site located along US highway 67 over SH 174 in Cleburne, Texas, where bridge approach slabs have experienced more than 0.4 m (17 in.) of settlement within a span of 16 years after construction. Many treatment methods attempted to mitigate this problem had proven to be ineffective. As part of novel rehabilitation works, the top of existing fill soil on the embankment was replaced with lightweight expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks to alleviate the approach slab settlements. This paper describes initial design and construction details of the rehabilitation works performed on the embankment system along with a focus on the early performance details. Field monitoring studies were conducted for almost three years to study the bump/settlements under the EPS geofoam embankment system. Short term measured settlement data was analyzed with hyperbolic model to predict the long term settlements. Numerical finite element studies attempted in this study showed that settlements could be reasonably predicted by modeling these geofoam embankments. Based on the monitoring and modeling studies, the effectiveness of utilizing EPS geofoam as an embankment fill material was addressed to mitigate the differential settlements under a bridge approach slab.  相似文献   
10.
Many places experience extreme temperatures below −30 °C, which is a great challenge for the fuel cell vehicle (FCV). The aim of this study is to optimize the strategy to achieve rapid cold start-up of the 30-cell stack at different temperature conditions. The test shows that the stack rapidly starts within 30 s at an ambient temperature of −20 °C. Turning on the coolant at −25 °C show stability of the cell voltage at both ends due to the end-plate heating, however, voltage of intermediate cells fluctuates sharply, and successful start-up is completed after 60 s. The cold start strategy changes to load-voltage cooperative control mode when the ambient temperature reduced to −30 °C, the voltage of multiple cells in the middle of the stack fluctuate more drastic, and start-up takes 113 s. The performance and consistency of the stack did not decay after 20 cold start-up experiments, which indicates that our control strategies effectively avoided irreversible damage to the stack caused by freeze-thaw process.  相似文献   
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