Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

海南小型露天采石场矿山地质环境治理方法探讨：以日富石场为例

海南小型露天采石场矿山数量多且呈遍地开花式分布，且不规范的开采对环境造成较大的破坏，与绿色矿山之路背道而行，相对大型矿山规范化的治理，小型矿山治理比较滞后，本文以日富采石场地质环境治理为例，通过摸清当地的地质环境条件，结合矿山现状，因地制宜地制定出日富采石场地质环境治理的具体措施，通过治理可获得林地2.6hm2，矿山安全隐患及地貌景观等矿山地质环境问题得到有效地防治，有效解决农业灌溉及周边虾塘养殖用水缺乏问题，实现较好的社会经济效益，为今后治理类似矿山提供参考。     

The impact of flood risk on the price of residential properties: the case of England

This paper examines the impact of flood risk on the value of English residential properties. We find that a location within a flood zone significantly lowers property values even if we control for the proximity to a watercourse, the history of flooding and neighbourhoods effects. Although the flood risk discount is more compelling for waterfront properties, it is still highly significant for dwellings further from the water. The markdown arises around 2004–2005, which coincides with the publication of detailed flood maps by the UK Environment Agency and with a more risk-based pricing of flood insurance policies. As expected, the effect of flood risk on house prices is stronger in the months following major flood events but, interestingly, it almost disappears in a hot market when buyers have arguably less negotiating power.     

于都黄麟-祁禄山地区土地质量地球化学评价

通过对于都县黄麟-祁禄山地区开展1:5万土地质量地球化学调查,在野外土壤样品采集和化验测试的基础上,系统地研究了影响土地质量的各项地球化学指标特征与控制因素,基本查明有益元素、重金属元素分布,划分出重点污染区和绿色土地发展区,并进行土地质量等级评价,为永久基本农田建设、土地资源开发与利用等方面提出建议。     

北洺河铁矿全尾砂胶结充填治理塌陷区的可行性研究

北洺河铁矿为践行“绿水青山就是金山银山”的绿色发展理念,探索利用选厂尾矿治理地表塌陷区方案。通过对北洺河铁矿塌陷区稳定性分析以及对全尾砂膏体制备、输送、胶结充填技术可行性试验研究,并结合经济估算、环境和社会效益等综合分析,认为全尾砂胶结充填治理塌陷区的方案可行。     

旱地西红柿种植技术

随着人民生活水平的提高,旱地西红柿种植面积逐年增大,但由于种植技术的缺乏,产量和质量均得不到提高。文章通过多年的研究,对西红柿从育苗、施肥、覆膜种植到管理进行了系统的阐述,有效提高山区人民旱地西红柿的种植水平,增加农民收入。     

过硫酸盐活化方式与氧化降解有机物效能及其在污染场地修复中的应用

过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）及过二硫酸盐（PDS）在工业污染场地修复中应用广泛，通过活化作用能够产生氧化性更强的·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}自由基，从而更好地氧化降解有机污染物。本文比较了几种典型活化方式，包括紫外（UV）、碱、过渡金属、热以及含碳物质，并分析了它们的优缺点及适用条件；讨论了过硫酸盐活化机理及动力学过程；分析了无机阴离子（Cl^-、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}\text{/}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}、\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}^{\text{-}}、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}、{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}）与·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}自由基相互作用及其对有机污染物氧化降解的影响；针对活化过硫酸盐在工业污染场地修复领域的应用，对过硫酸盐活化方法的发展趋势进行了展望。理论研究和实践表明，过硫酸盐不同活化方式为工业污染场地修复提供了多样选择，多种活化方式协同作用将是过硫酸盐高效活化氧化降解有机污染物的发展方向。由于Cl^-、\mathrm{H}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\text{-}}\text{/}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{3}}^{\mathrm{2}\text{-}}抢夺·\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\text{-}}的能力较强，认为这些无机盐与有机物复合的污染场地或土壤采用PDS修复需格外谨慎选择活化方法。     

Electrodeposition of amorphous Ni–P layers,thermal treatment and corrosion behaviour

The investigation reported comprises an experimental study of the thermal and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nickel-phosphorus amorphous alloy layers. The structure of the species was determined by means of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Samples with hypo- and hyper-eutectic compositions were synthesised out of modified classical and customised electrolytic solutions on copper substrates. The composition of the samples was determined via energy dispersive spectroscopy. A short review of the development of the composition of existing plating baths for Ni–P electrodeposition has also been presented. Thermal treatment of the samples has been carried out to crystallise the amorphous structure and to compare the thermal and the corrosion properties of the species with both types of structure. Differential thermal measurements were used to examine the thermal effects in the Ni–P samples obtained. The corrosion parameters of initial as-plated and thermally treated binary Ni–P alloy coatings were determined from Tafel plot analysis.     

基于分形插值的改进趋势面拟合法在地面沉降中的应用

针对区域地面沉降监测点数量有限、分布不均的情况,一般采用空间插值的手段建立表面拟合模型来解决。基于分形插值,采用随机选择迭代函数的思想对传统的趋势面拟合法作出改进,改进后拟合优度系数提高0.03,达到0.995,且改进前后的拟合结果符合显著性检验的要求。实验结果表明:改进前后趋势面拟合法拟合结果满足地面沉降监测的精度要求,改进后方法的拟合优度更高,对现实地面沉降量变化的描绘更加真实,可为沉降灾害评价工作提供更准确的依据。     

Crowdsourcing the perceived urban built environment via social media: The case of underutilized land

Crowdsourcing the public’s perceptions of the built environment in real time enables more responsive and agile infrastructure and land use planning. Social media has emerged to be an effective platform for citizens, engineers, and planners to communicate opinions and feelings transparently. However, a comprehensive terminological resource of the perceived built environment (BE) for consistent data collection and a specified analytical framework are still lacking, particularly for different underutilized land issues. To fill this knowledge gap, we demonstrate a BE-specific term construction and expansion method specifically for collecting Twitter data and propose a Geo-Topic-Sentiment analytical framework for retrieving and analyzing relevant tweets. We conduct a demonstrative study on un(der)utilized land-related BE terms across ten metropolitan statistical areas in the U.S. Findings reveal spatial variations in contents and sentiments about underutilized land environments, and more localized efforts may be required to address specific land use issues across different urban contexts. The research demonstrates Twitter as a useful platform in crowdsourcing perceived BE and sentiments at fine temporal and spatial scales in a timely manner. It contributes to engineering informatics by investigating the role of social media in environmental planning and proposing integrated domain-specific data analytic approaches for engineering practices.