我国水-能源-粮食耦合关系及影响因素

为缓解我国水、能源和粮食资源紧张问题，促进资源可持续利用，构建水-能源-粮食系统，利用耦合协调度模型对我国的30个省（自治区、直辖市）进行测算,并利用空间杜宾模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：2003—2017年，我国能源、粮食评价[JP]指数高于水资源评价指数，系统综合评价指数逐年递增；大部分省份耦合协调度处于初级协调水平且呈现逐年上升的态势，个别省份耦合协调度濒临失调；耦合协调度空间自相关性较强，虽有明显波动，但是呈现逐年加强的态势；影响耦合协调度的主要因素有从业人口数、固定资产投资额、人均生产总值、人口总数、[JP]文盲人口占比、工业污染排放、城镇化。     

地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

Influence of applied voltage and conductive material in DIET promotion for methane generation

The utilization of biological-, electrode- and conductive material-mediated direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) between exoelectrogenic bacteria and methanogenic archaea for enhancing methane productivity is widely reported in the literature. However, two cardinal questions are still controversial, i.e., which applied voltage value would be more recommended to enhance methane generation? and how the DIET over IIET has the upper hand in enhancing methane productivity? Herein, the influence of different applied voltages to promote biological-, conductive- and electrode-mediated DIET was investigated in MEC-AD reactors with conductive material. Polarized bioelectrodes induced electrode-mediated DIET (eDIET) and biological DIET (bDIET), in addition to cDIET (conductive material-mediated DIET), improved the methane yield to 315.40 mL/g COD_r with an applied voltage of 0.9 V. Whereas further increase of applied voltage 1.2 V, lessened methane production efficiency due to high-voltage inhibition and adverse effect on DIET promotion. The anaerobic digestion coupled microbial electrolysis cells with optimal electric potential selectively promotes the DIET through polarized electrodes were confirmed through microbial analysis. As the contribution of DIET increased to 80%, the methane yield increased, and the substrate residue decreased, resulting in a significant improvement in methane production.     

Microbial coupled photocatalytic fuel cell with a double Z-scheme g-C3N4/ZnO/Bi4O5Br2 cathode for the degradation of different organic pollutants

A novel heterostructure of g-C₃N₄/ZnO/Bi₄O₅Br₂ (ZB-3) was designed, and used in the microbial coupled photocatalytic fuel cell (MPFC). It can effectively improve electron utilization efficiency and pollutant degradation using this double Z-scheme heterojunction structure. The current–time (I–t) curves demonstrated that the current density of ZB-3 was higher than that of ZnO, ZnO/Bi₄O₅Br₂ (ZB-1), g-C₃N₄/ZnO (ZB-2). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) indicated ZB-3 possessed the minimum charge-transfer resistance. This MPFC for degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and tetracycline (TC) under different conditions were developed using these materials. Even in the dark condition, MPFC with g-C₃N₄/ZnO/Bi₄O₅Br₂ demonstrated 93% and 82% degradation efficiency for RhB and TC, respectively. Furthermore, the electron transport mechanism of the MPFC and ZB-3 were proposed. It paves the approach for more efficient pollutant degradation via MFC photocatalysis.     

Construction and analysis of photovoltaic directly coupled conditions in PEM electrolyzer

The Markov model and the PEM electrolyzer system model for directly coupled photovoltaic are combined to construct an efficient and reliable working condition that fits the fluctuation characteristics of solar energy. The working condition is designed through genetic algorithm so that the average coupling efficiency of the system can reach 98.8%. Then, the durability and recovery test are conducted on the basis of the constructed conditions. It is found that the attenuation rate at the current density of 1A/cm² under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition reached 7.8mV/h, which is twice that under the constant current condition. The charge transfer impedance (R_ct) is the main factor leading to the degradation. It is proved by the recovery experiment that the increase of R_ct is related to the pollution of metal ions. After pickling to remove some metal ions, R_ct can be significantly reduced by 46.8% and 65.2%, respectively. After the durability test, the voltammetric charges under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition and the constant current condition are reduced by 48.3% and 19.1% It indicates that the photovoltaic fluctuation condition will accelerate the attenuation of the effective reaction area of MEA, which is irreversible even after pickling. It can be observed from the SEM images that the catalyst layer of MEA has more obvious peeling under the photovoltaic fluctuation condition, which is not conducive to material transmission and destroys the transmission channel of ions and electrons. This result can provide a reliable reference for the coupling design of PEM electrolyzer and renewable energy in the future.     

云南地区滇黄精中重金属含量测定研究

目的:测定云南10个产地滇黄精药材的重金属含量,为制定滇黄精药材中重金属质量标准提供参考依据。方法:采用石墨消解法进行样品前处理,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPAES)测定铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)的含量。结果:1、7、8、9号样品分别有2种重金属含量偏高;3、10号样品分别有1种重金属含量偏高;6号样品有3种重金属含量偏高;其余均符合限量标准要求。结论:不同产地滇黄精的重金属含量存在一定差异,本研究结果可为滇黄精质量标准提供参考。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法 测定畜禽粪便中8种金属元素

目的建立微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定畜禽粪便中8种金属元素的含量。方法干燥后的畜禽粪便样品经高速球磨仪球磨匀,采用微波消解仪对样品进行消解,消解后的样品用ICP-MS混合模式测定畜禽粪便中的砷、汞、铅、镉、铬、锌、铜和镍等8种金属元素,内标法定量。结果 8种元素检出限分别在0.017～0.64μg/L之间,线性关系良好,相关线性系数r0.999;不同元素的添加回收率为92.0%～101.9%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～5.0%。结论该方法样品前处理简单高效、分析用时短、准确度和精密度高,适用于批量畜禽粪便中多元素的测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定黄酒中氧化钙含量的方法对比研究

目的比较火焰原子吸收光谱法(flame atomic absorption spectrometry,FAAS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,ICP-OES)测定黄酒中的氧化钙含量。方法将黄酒样品、加标试样样品、质控样品通过微波消解仪消解,定容后分别用火焰原子吸收分光光度计,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定样品中钙的含量,并对2种方法的线性范围、方法检出限、精密度和回收率进行考察。结果FAAS法的方法检出限和精密度分别为0.10μg/m L和0.0223 g/L,ICP-OES法的方法检出限和精密度分别为0.015μg/m和0.00873 g/L,ICP-OES法有更低的检出限和更高的精密度,2者检测样品结果相对标准偏差(RSD)在3%以内,回收率在96.4%～102.6%之间,相关系数r为0.9995～0.9999,这2种方法中标准参考物质菠菜(GSB-6)中的钙含量的测定值在标准参考范围内。结论FAAS法测定黄酒中的氧化钙,前处理操作复杂,并且酸度对测定结果有较大影响,同时该法的检出限较高和精密度较低,而ICP-OES法线性关系好,检出限低,稳定性好,回收率高,测定结果准确,因此该法更适合黄酒中氧化钙的测定。     

基于改进耦合增强随机共振的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对强背景噪声下经典随机共振方法对滚动轴承故障特征提取效果差的问题,提出了一种基于改进耦合增强随机共振的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,利用一个定参双稳系统和一个变参双稳系统构成耦合随机共振系统,外部输入直接作用于定参双稳系统;然后,通过调节变参双稳系统参数和耦合系数实现耦合系统的随机共振控制,并借助遗传算法实现控制参数的自适应选取。实验和工程应用验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性。