Evaluation of atmospheric galvanic aluminum corrosion in electrical transmission towers at different sites in the Valparaíso region,Chile. Wire-on-Bolt Test (CLIMAT)

This study evaluates environmental aggressiveness and atmospheric galvanic corrosivity categories in Chile (Classification of Industrial and Marine ATmospheres test) by installing bolts in electrical transmission towers in the Valparaiso region across four exposure sites: Playa Ancha, San Sebastián, Las Vegas, and San Felipe. Classifications of marine corrosion index (MCI), industrial corrosion index (ICI), and atmospheric corrosion index (ACI) used different galvanic couples: aluminum/steel for MCI, aluminum/copper for ICI, and aluminum/polyethylene for ACI. Corrosion indices varied by season (summer, autumn, winter, and spring), for which couples were exchanged every 3 months. Intraseason variation depended mainly on the meteorochemical variables of the zone, the Cl⁻/SO₂ ratio, and the presence of general and pitting corrosion in the aluminum. The results indicate that, regardless of environmental condition, the aluminum in Al/steel (MCI) and Al/copper (ICI) couples presented a higher corrosion rate than when not forming a galvanic couple (ACI). Moreover, under higher environmental chloride, these differences increase. The Playa Ancha station presented the highest ACI.     

On chemical and diffusional interactions between PCBN and superalloy Inconel 718: Imitational experiments

During a metal cutting process, chemical wear can become the dominant mechanism of tool degradation under the high temperatures and contact pressures that arise between the tool and the metal workpiece. This study focuses on the chemical and diffusional interactions between superalloy Inconel 718 and cubic boron nitride (cBN) tool material with and without TiC binder. It covers thermodynamic modeling and experimental tests in the pressure range of 0.1 Pa to 2.5 GPa at temperatures up to 1600 °C. The methods used include diffusion couples under both vacuum and high pressure, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and in-situ synchrotron observations. It is shown that cBN is prone to diffusional dissolution in the metal and to reactions with niobium, molybdenum, and chromium from Inconel 718. Adding TiC binder changes the overall degradation process because it is less susceptible to these interaction mechanisms.     

Diffusion behaviors and atomic mobilities in Mg–Sc hcp and bcc alloys: Investigation via single-phase and multi-phase diffusion couples

Diffusion behaviors in Mg–Sc hcp and bcc solid solutions between 773 and 873 K were investigated using both single-phase and multi-phase diffusion couple techniques. The EPMA detected composition-distance profiles were smoothed and fitted using the error function expansion (ERFEX). The interdiffusion coefficients were extracted using Sauer–Freise integral. The interdiffusion coefficients in hcp phase showed a slightly parabolic composition dependence at the Mg-rich part and the maximum value was around 2–3 at. % Sc. However, the interdiffusion coefficients in the bcc phase monotonously decreased with the increase of solubility of Sc. The determined inter- and impurity diffusion coefficients in the hcp Mg–Sc alloys were assessed to develop the atomic mobility database, and their validity was justified by reproducing the composition profiles and diffusion fluxes obtained in this diffusion couple experiment. Meanwhile, the development of bcc atomic mobility was realized via the Maclaurin approximation, extrapolation, and optimization. The results make up for the missing data of Mg–Sc diffusion kinetics.     

旋流分离-颗粒床耦合气固分离装备旋流场静压分布

针对一种集旋风分离器和内置颗粒床优势于一体的新型耦合气固分离装备在无灰负荷及固定床操作条件入口环形空间、分离空间和灰斗内静压场进行研究。结果表明，静压沿周向为非对称分布，轴向为非均匀分布，径向则呈中心低两侧高分布；且存在着静压分布的降压区(0?~180?，以入口处为0?)和增压区(180?~360?)；装备中心的负压及旋流作用在轴向高度H=6.41D(D为旋风壳体内径)以下对静压的影响不再显著；内置颗粒床外壁附近存在“滞留层”，有利于提高装备的分离性能。根据实验数据给出了静压周向分布和静压轴向分布的经验公式。     

Interdiffusion behaviors and mechanical properties of Zn–Cr system

Diffusion couple technique has been utilized to study the interdiffusional behaviors of Zn–Cr system. Two intermetallic compounds (Zn₁₃Cr, Zn₁₇Cr) have been found in the diffusion zone between 598 K and 653 K. For the existence of Zn₁₃Cr phase, the incremental diffusion couple has been used to confirm, and the results show that the Zn₁₃Cr phase can be determined in the present work. However, the thickness of Zn₁₃Cr is very thinner than that of Zn₁₇Cr, which indicate the growth of Zn₁₃Cr is very slow. The thickness of Zn₁₇Cr satisfied the parabolic growth law. EPMA was used to obtain the composition profiles and the interdiffusion coefficients of Zn₁₃Cr, Zn₁₇Cr and Zn (hcp) have been extracted by forward simulation analysis embedded in ‘Pydiffusion’ code. The mechanical properties of Zn₁₇Cr were also determined by nanoindentation technique, and the hardness and Young's modulus of Zn₁₇Cr is 3.01 GPa and 165.78 GPa, respectively.     

基于一、二维耦合模型的某湿地公园水网规划与水力优化应用

湿地水网规划和设计需要考虑防洪排涝、生物栖息地构建及水资源调度等多个因素的协调,单一维度的数值模型难以解决河网、湖区及工程调度等多种模拟对象的尺度协调问题。针对某感潮河网区域生态湿地公园的规划设计,利用MIKE Flood软件,构建一、二维耦合水动力模型,就河网规模、堰顶高程控制、生物栖息地构建等目标开展计算分析,通过方案比选确定相关工程规模,并通过区域微地形调整对鱼类和禽类栖息地水动力条件进行优化,使其满足生境构建要求。该结果不仅为相关设计单位提供了工作思路,所采用的建模方法和参数选取也可为类似项目参考。     

Single-phase and binary phase nanogranular ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia application

The study demonstrates the performance of heating efficiency in single-phase and binary phase spinel ferrite nanosystems. Ferrimagnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) (CFO) and superparamagnetic copper ferrite/copper oxide (CuFe₂O₄/CuO) (CuF) nanosystems of different particle sizes were synthesized through a microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. The heating behavior was observed in range of both field amplitudes (8-24 kA/m at 516 kHz) and frequencies (325-973 kHz at 12 kA/m). The heating efficiency was analyzed and compared by means of particle size, magnetization, effective anisotropy constant, and Néel relaxation mechanism. Indeed, the heating rate was maximized in larger ferrite particles with low effective anisotropy constant. Moreover, though the magnetization and effective anisotropy constant of single-phase CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were higher, the binary phase CuFe₂O₄/CuO nanosystems of similar crystallite size (28 nm) exhibited superior heating efficiency (4.21°C/s). For a field amplitude and frequency of 24 kA/m and 516 kHz, the heating rate of CuF and CFO ferrites with different crystallite sizes decreased in the order of 4.21 > 2.14 > 0.58 > 0.52°C/s for 29 nm > 25 nm > 12 nm > 15 nm, respectively. The results emphasize that binary phase ferrite nanoparticles are better thermoseeds than the single-phase ferrites for the magnetic hyperthermia application.     

A comprehensive study on the size-dependent hygrothermal analysis of exponentially graded microplates on elastic foundations

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of hygrothermal conditions on various behaviors, such as bending, free vibration, mechanical and thermal buckling, of exponentially graded microplates lying on two-parameter elastic foundations are investigated. The trigonometric four-variable plate theory incorporated to the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is employed to derive the equations of motion. The present MCST contains an internal material length scale parameter, thus it can capture the size effect. The microplate is assumed to be subjected to a temperature rise and moisture concentration which are varied linearly through the thickness of the plate. Based on an exponential law, the material properties of the microplate are graded only in z direction. The equations of motion are solved analytically to obtain the displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies and critical buckling load and temperature of the microplates. The present results are validated by comparing them with those previously published. The numerical examples reveal that considering the size effect and/or the elastic foundations leads to an increment in plate stiffness and thereby leads to a decrement in the deflection and an increment in eigenfrequency and buckling loads. It is also shown that the size effect is negligible for the thicker plate.     

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺高速转子的高精度位置控制

在受到陀螺效应、动框架效应等影响后产生的磁力非线性问题是磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG)高速转子位置精度下降的主要因素。为解决以上问题,提高转子位置精度,本文分析了转子所受磁力的特性,建立了转子系统非线性动力学模型,提出了神经网络滑模控制方法。设计滑模控制律,采用径向基函数神经网络逼近控制律中的非线性模型,自适应算法根据误差在线调整神经网络的权值,同时可以保证整个系统的稳定性。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出方法的转子位置精度达到99%,稳态误差为0.000 2 mm。神经网络滑模控制可以实现MSCMG转子系统的高精度位置控制。     

Binary Ti–Fe system. Part I: Experimental investigation at high pressure

The present work illustrates the effect of quasi-hydrostatic pressure on the positions and widths of the homogeneity ranges of the intermetallic phases TiFe and TiFe₂ at high temperatures. The experiments were performed with Ti–Fe diffusion couples that were heat treated in a multi-anvil press at 2.5 GPa. The solubility limits of the phases were derived from the concentration profiles that were measured using electron probe microanalysis. It was found that the homogeneity ranges of TiFe and TiFe₂ extend to higher titanium concentrations, if the pressure is applied. The positions of the phase boundaries of the intermetallics on the iron-rich side are not affected by the pressure. The accuracy of the experimental data including the homogeneity ranges and temperatures was verified by comparing the homogeneity ranges of β-Ti(Fe), α/δ-Fe(Ti) and γ-Fe measured in this study with the homogeneity ranges taken from literature. The pressure was calibrated using the pressure-induced phase transitions of bismuth.