我国水-能源-粮食耦合关系及影响因素

为缓解我国水、能源和粮食资源紧张问题，促进资源可持续利用，构建水-能源-粮食系统，利用耦合协调度模型对我国的30个省（自治区、直辖市）进行测算,并利用空间杜宾模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：2003—2017年，我国能源、粮食评价[JP]指数高于水资源评价指数，系统综合评价指数逐年递增；大部分省份耦合协调度处于初级协调水平且呈现逐年上升的态势，个别省份耦合协调度濒临失调；耦合协调度空间自相关性较强，虽有明显波动，但是呈现逐年加强的态势；影响耦合协调度的主要因素有从业人口数、固定资产投资额、人均生产总值、人口总数、[JP]文盲人口占比、工业污染排放、城镇化。     

Matrix Manipulation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Enabled by Coordination Engineering

The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices.     

A novel multi-objective optimization method: Input values effect on responses (IVER)

In this study, a novel multi-objective optimization method based on the best effect of unique input (independent variable) values on responses (dependent variables) was proposed. The proposed method was compared with optimization using Derringer & Suich function that is still the most used. The comparison was made using the response values measured in real experiments and available in the literature. The advantages of the proposed method such as not needing the polynomial model aiming to predict the response values, no parameter selection problem, being able to offer optimum range instead of single optimum value, being suitable for use with existing experimental designs and being simple and interpretable were demonstrated as a result of comparison. It was also suggested how the proposed method will be effective according to experimental designs, and application for the users' application was presented.     

差分准对立学习多目标蚁狮算法

为解决多目标优化问题，对经典的蚁狮算法进行改进，提出了基于差分进化的准对立学习多目标蚁狮算法（DEQOMALO）。该算法针对蚁狮算法易陷入局部最优的不足，一方面，该算法引用差分进化的思想，充分利用种群和精英蚁狮的信息对原算法中蚂蚁个体的位置更新方式进行改进；另一方面采用反向学习策略对蚂蚁种群进行优化，将原种群个体和其准对立个体进行混合并择优作为新的种群，大大增加种群的多样性。选取典型的标准测试函数，将提出的算法与原始蚁狮算法以及其他传统进化策略优化的蚁狮算法进行比较。实验结果表明，改进算法在收敛性和分布性上均有很大程度的提升，在解决双目标优化问题上具有较好的鲁棒性和有效性。     

An improved iterative stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis method for robust alternative selection in new product development

Alternative selection in new product development (NPD) is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. It usually starts with incomplete, imprecise or even partially missing information. Currently, most existing methods in dealing with this problem cannot work well if required information is incomplete or missing. It is acknowledged that stochastic multi-objective acceptability analysis (SMAA) can be applied to address MCDM problem with incomplete preference information and uncertain criteria measurements. In SMAA, alternatives are evaluated based on SMAA measurements (acceptability index, central weight vector and confidence factor). The discriminability of SMAA for the optimum alternative heavily depends on differences of SMAA measurements among different alternatives. Usually, a large number of alternatives and high level of uncertainty are involved in alternative selection in NPD. In this situation, the differences among SMAA measurements are not obvious, and therefore SMAA cannot deal with such problem very well. To this end, this paper proposes an improved SMAA method called Iterative-SMAA (I-SMAA) for alternative selection in NPD. In the I-SMAA, an iterative multi-step decision-making process is suggested to improve differences of SMAA measurements among different alternatives, and thus assist decision makers (DMs) to positively discern from the most preferred alternative. To enhance the decision-making efficiency, sensitive criteria are acquired in each iteration by ranking sensitivity analysis. DMs are guided to provide partial preference information and give more accurate criteria measurements for sensitive criteria rather than all criteria. Eventually, to verify the proposed method, a numerical example of the existing literature is solved with the method, and the results are compared. And then, a practical example of a preparation equipment for coal samples is further employed to verify the practicability of the proposed I-SMAA.     

Multi-objective optimal allocation strategy for the energy internet in Huangpu District,Guangzhou, China

To improve the overall efficiency of the energy system, the basic structure for the energy internet of coordination and optimization of “generation-grid-load-storage” of Huangpu District, Guangzhou, China is designed, while the arrangement for the output of centralized and distributed energy module and energy storage are proposed. Taking economic benefit maximization, environmental benefit maximization and energy efficiency maximization as sub-objectives, the mathematical model of multi-objective optimal allocation and operation strategy of the energy internet is established considering supply-demand balance constraints, equipment characteristic constraints, operation mode constraints, and energy conditions constraints. The calculation results show that without considering the outsourced electricity, the balanced strategy, the economic development strategy, the environmental protection strategy, and the energy efficiency strategy are obtained by calculation, which are all superior to the traditional energy supply strategy. Moreover, considering the outsourced electricity, the proportion of outsourced electricity to total electricity is 19.8%, which is the system optimization of the energy internet under certain power demand. Compared with other strategies without outsourced electricity, the outsourced electricity strategy can have a certain emission reduction effect, but at the same time reduce the economic benefit. Furthermore, the huge difference in demand for thermal and cooling load between industrial and commercial areas results in the installed capacity of gas distributed energy stations in industrial areas being nearly twice as large as that in commercial areas. The distributed photovoltaic power generation is allocated according to the proportion of the installed roof areas of photovoltaic power generation system in residential, industrial, and commercial areas.     

红外菲涅尔透镜的注射超声辅助成型优化

为了提升聚合物红外菲涅尔透镜的光学性能,以其表面微沟槽的成型质量为目标,提出了一种高效的注射超声辅助成型方法,并对工艺参数进行了综合质量优化。首先分析了超声振动对聚合物的加热和加压效应,设计了一套一模两腔的对比试验模具;接着以红外菲涅尔透镜的调制传递函数MTF和齿形平均高度h为优化质量目标,设计了四步骤的多目标优化流程,通过试验设计、基于BP神经网络的质量目标与注射工艺参数关系建模、基于NSGA-Ⅱ的多目标优化和试验验证进行工艺参数的综合优化。实验结果表明:该多目标优化流程具有很高的精度,MTF和h的平均预测误差MPE分别为4.16%和3.32%;注射超声辅助成型的菲涅尔透镜微沟槽具有更高的复制质量,其齿沟槽平均高度h增加了15.6%,且h值的波动量随着h值的增大而增大,MTF值受齿高h均匀性的影响大于齿高h对其的影响。     

载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能

针对高含盐氨氮废水，选择具有不同功能基团的树脂为载体，进行负载Cu2+改性制得载铜树脂并对其处理高含盐氨氮废水的性能进行研究。在筛选出最佳载铜树脂的基础上，研究pH及Na+浓度、树脂投加量、反应时间对载铜树脂处理高含盐氨氮废水效果的影响，通过对吸附氨氮前后的载铜树脂进行SEM和EDS表征分析并构建吸附动力学模型以进一步探究配位吸附的过程。结果表明，Cu2+可与螯合树脂D751稳定结合且在宽pH值下均表现出耐盐性和良好的氨氮吸附效果；在室温(25℃)、pH=11及Na+浓度4 g/L、树脂投加量8 g/L、反应时间60 min的条件下，D751载铜树脂对氨氮的去除率为34.8%。D751载铜树脂吸附氨氮后其表面出现明显的晶状结构物质，该物质可能为铜氨络合物。D751载铜树脂对高含盐氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学模型。     

绿色住区参数化优化设计平台的开发进展与展望

绿色住区设计是建设宜居城市和实现节能减排目标的重要手段与方法。文章首先回顾绿色住区参数化优化设计方法及平台概况，在此基础上，重点介绍平面生成、噪声计算、通风计算、可视度计算等新增功能和天空遮挡算法升级，以及广州市的工程应用，最后展望平台研发与应用的未来发展方向。     

[成形过程仿真优化与集成计算材料工程]限定加热管布局的快速热循环注塑成形模具电加热系统优化

针对管道布局、最大允许能耗给定条件下快速热循环注塑成形（RHCM）注塑模具型腔表面快速均匀加热的问题，提出以单根加热棒热流密度为设计变量，以模具型腔表面升温效率和温度分布均匀性为目标，结合有限元模拟、响应面设计以及多目标粒子群优化技术来优化RHCM模具电加热系统。与优化前相比，加热系统优化后，模具型腔表面最大温差降低63.4%，加热系统总能耗降低9%。对比了不同注塑成形工艺条件下成形的平板塑件表面质量，结果表明，相对传统注塑成形（CIM）工艺，RHCM工艺将制品表面粗糙度Ra从320 nm降低到118 nm，并有效抑制了制品表面熔接痕、缩痕等缺陷；发现制品表面粗糙度与型腔表面对应点温度成负相关，说明优化后的型腔表面温度分布更有利于提升制品表面质量。