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1.
The conversion of food industry by-products to compounds with high added value is nowadays a significant topic, for social, environmental, and economic reasons. In this paper, calcium phosphate-based materials were obtained from black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) bones and grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) skin, which are two of the most abundant fish by-products of Madeira Island. Different calcination temperatures between 400 and 1000°C were employed. Materials obtained from calcination of bones of black scabbard fish were composed by homogeneous mixtures of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAp) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2, β-TCP). Because of the high biocompatibility of HAp and the good resorbability of β-TCP, these natural biphasic materials could be very relevant in the field of biomaterials, as bone grafts. The ratio between HAp and β-TCP in the biphasic compound was dependent on the calcination temperature. Differently, the material obtained from skin of grey triggerfish contained HAp as the main phase, together with small amounts of other mineral phases, such as halite and rhenanite, which are known to enhance osteogenesis when used as bone substitutes. In both cases, the increase of calcination temperature led to an increase in the particles size with a consequent decrease in their specific surface area. These results demonstrate that from the fish by-products of the most consumed fishes in Madeira Island it is possible to obtain bioceramic materials with tunable composition and particle morphology, which could be promising materials for the biomedical field.  相似文献   
2.
考虑柔性负荷响应不确定性的多时间尺度协调调度模型   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
针对柔性负荷实际响应的不确定性,以及各类柔性负荷在多时间尺度上的响应特性,提出了考虑柔性负荷响应不确定性的多时间尺度协调调度模型。首先,基于消费者心理学原理并计及柔性负荷响应不确定性的变化规律,建立了价格型需求响应(DR)的响应量模型。然后,在考虑实际响应误差的基础上,制定了激励型DR的激励机制,并基于上述不确定性分析建立了可转移负荷、可平移负荷和可削减负荷的响应模型。最后,从多时间尺度协调的角度,对柔性负荷、常规机组和风电进行协调优化,构建了日前—日内—实时的协调调度模型,并根据模糊机会约束规划理论和混合整数规划方法进行求解。算例分析验证了所提模型的有效性,通过考虑柔性负荷响应的不确定性及多时间尺度上的协调优化,能够实现削峰填谷,提高风电消纳,并降低电网调度的成本。  相似文献   
3.
Monitoring and detecting individual cows' liveweight (LW) and liveweight change (LWC) are important for estimation of nutritional requirements and health management, and could be useful to measure short-term feed intake, water consumption, defecation, and urination. Walk-over weighing (WOW) systems can facilitate measurements of LW for these purposes, providing automated LW recorded at different times of the day. We conducted a field study to (1) quantify the contribution of feed and water intake, as well as urine and feces excretions, to short-term LWC and (2) determine the feasibility of stationary and WOW scales to detect subtle changes in LW as a result of feed and water intake, urination, and defecation. In this experiment, 10 cows walked through a WOW system and then stood individually on a stationary scale collecting weights at 10 and 3.3 Hz, respectively. Cows were offered 4 kg of feed and 10 kg of water on the stationary scale. For each animal, LW before and after eating and drinking was then calculated using different approaches. Liveweight change was calculated as the difference between the initial and final LW before and after eating and drinking for each statistical measure. The weights of feed intake, water consumption, urination, and defecation were measured and used as predictors of LWC. Urine and feces were collected from individual cows while the cow was on the scale, using a container, and weighed separately. The agreement between LWC measured using either stationary or WOW scales was assessed to determine the sensitivity of the scales to detect subtle changes in LW using the coefficient of determination (R2), Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), and mean bias. The prediction model showed that most of the regression coefficients were not significantly different from +1.0 for feed and water, or ?1.0 for urine and feces. The R2 and CCC values demonstrated a satisfactory agreement between calculated and stationary LWC and values ranged from 0.60 to 0.92 and 0.71 to 0.94, respectively. A moderate agreement was achieved between calculated and automated LWC with R2 and Lin's CCC values of 0.45 to 0.63 and 0.60 to 0.74, respectively. Therefore, results demonstrated that new algorithms and data processing methods need to be continuously explored and improved to obtain accurate measurements of LW to measure changes in LW, especially from WOW scales.  相似文献   
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采用双酶酶解法制备鱼鳞抗菌肽,进行酶筛选并通过响应面法优化酶解条件;通过葡聚糖凝胶G-25分离纯化酶解液,研究有效抑菌组分对不同菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)。结果表明,当采用碱性蛋白酶结合酸性蛋白酶分步酶解鱼鳞,底物质量浓度为30 g/100 m L时,最适酶解条件为碱性蛋白酶在pH 9.5时首次酶解,酶解时间62 min,酶解温度55℃;酸性蛋白酶在pH 3.0时再次酶解,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度34.4℃。此条件下制备的酶解液对副溶血性弧菌的抑菌圈直径为27.72 mm,与预测值基本相符。酶解液经层析后,其抑菌性G2组分对假单胞菌和希瓦氏菌的MIC为1.56μg/m L,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门菌及副溶血性弧菌的MIC为6.25μg/m L。可见,双酶酶解法制备的鱼鳞抗菌肽具有较强的抑菌性。  相似文献   
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Three‐dimensional virtual representations of consumer products are expected to gain relevance in e‐commerce applications as low cost virtual reality headsets arrive on the market in the next years. However, there are a limited number of studies related to the perceptual evaluation of virtual products and their packaging where virtual and real (photographic) representations are compared. As part of an extensive exploration toward understanding product perception in virtual stores, this work presents a study with 38 participants in which consumer perceptions of a photographic and a virtual representation of a beer bottle are examined. Perceptual evaluation is assessed using two metrics: first, an evaluation was performed by applying a bipolar semantic scale based on four axes: novelty, resolution, style and emotion. Second, eye‐tracking metrics were employed to analyse participant gaze behaviour during the visualization of stimuli. Virtual bottles were modelled using a medium polygonal load (5 K polygons per bottle), and render quality was also medium to intentionally recreate the computing limitations of smartphone‐based virtual reality headsets. Results show that a medium render quality alters consumer perception and responses using semantic scales. Eye‐tracking analysis confirms that the orientation of the bottle and how it is presented also affect consumer perception. While some orientations result in similar eye‐tracking metrics, others show different results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
9.
朱孔英 《衡器》2020,49(3):35-36
笔者多年在天平与砝码计量标准考核工作中,经常遇到对考核规范理解有误造成计量标准延误考核,现列举几种常见现象并提出解决办法,供建标单位参考。  相似文献   
10.
This paper deals with adaptive nonlinear identification and trajectory tracking problem via dynamic multilayer neural network with different time scales. By means of a Lyapunov‐like analysis, we determine stability conditions for the on‐line identification. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking with consideration of the modeling error and disturbance. The main contributions of the paper lie in the following aspects. First, we extend our prior identification results of single‐layer dynamic neural networks with multi‐time scales to those of multilayer case. Second, the e‐modification in standard use in adaptive control is introduced in the on‐line update laws to guarantee bounded weights and bounded identification errors. Third, the potential singularity problem in controller design is solved by using new update laws for the NN weights so that the control signal is guaranteed bounded. The stability of proposed controller is proved by using Lyapunov function. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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