TRVs and fault clearing stresses in extra-high-voltage radial networks

To cope with the high rate of increase of power demand in the main industrialized districts in Japan, 550-kV transmission systems covering the districts have been reinforced, with most of the main power plants connected directly to these systems. Through 550-/300-kV substations, the majority of power to the districts is supplied by 300-kV systems. To limit the excess short-circuit capacity in the 300-kV systems, they tend to be reconstructed as so-called radial networks. In radial networks with high short-circuit capacity and relatively small number of transmission lines connected to the substation busbars, the rate of rise of TRV can be far higher than standard value. This paper analyzes the transient recovery voltages (TRV) in such extra-high-voltage radial networks in Japan, together with the relevant stresses to circuit-breakers during fault clearings. Future system conditions have also been introduced. As the typical rate of rise of the TRV values, more than twice that of today's standard ones are probable.     

含逆变型分布式电源的不平衡配电网短路电流计算方法研究

逆变型分布式电源（IBDG）的输出由其控制策略决定而具有很强的非线性,使传统配电网的短路电流计算方法不再适用,而配电网的不对称更是进一步增加了其短路计算的难度。根据对称分量法推导出不平衡配电网的故障点各序电流,提出一种基于序网络迭代修正的不平衡配电网短路电流计算方法,在每一次迭代中,根据当前节点各序电压分别修正IBDG的输出电流和各不对称元件补偿电流源的输出电流,利用节点电压方程得到新的节点各序电压和故障点各序电流,直到满足收敛条件。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC对含IBDG不平衡配电网的进行了仿真计算,验证了所提方法的准确性和有效性。     

特高压配套750kV线路重合闸过程的短路电流直流分量对系统稳定性影响分析

针对特高压直流外送型电网直流分量对系统稳定性的影响问题,分析了特高压配套线路短路故障后,在不同重合闸方式下断路器重合于永久故障后,短路电流直流分量对其开断能力的影响。利用电力系统分析综合程序PSASP,计算特高压系统中重合闸过程短路电流直流分量衰减时间常数,校核直流输送功率与火电开机不同方式下系统稳定性及短路电流因子。最后校验了短路电流是否满足遮断容量,提出重合闸方式及时间整定的推荐值,并建议典型电网需通过专题研究校核断路器重合闸方式和时间。     

Microstructural evidence for short-circuit oxygen diffusion paths in the oxidation of a dilute Ni-Cr alloy

A comparative study of high-temperature oxidation of Ni containing 1 at.% Cr and pure Ni was carried out. Instead of the conventional kinetics study using thermogravimetry, a microlithographic marker experiment was designed. Observation of the markers using cross-sectional TEM and SEM has revealed striking differences in the scale morphology, microstructures, and oxidation mechanisms between pure Ni and the Cr-doped Ni substrates. In particular, the results suggest that a small addition of Cr promotes significant inward transport of oxygen. Marker experiments revealed that NiO grown on pure Ni is wholly attributable to outward-cation diffusion. In contrast, NiO grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr exhibited formation of a substantial inner layer having a submicron grain size, established by the markers to have formed from oxygen ingress. For pure Ni, voids were observed to be distributed only within oxide grains. In contrast, for Ni containing 1 at.% Cr, elongated pores formed extensively along oxide-grain boundaries. Formation of new fine-grain oxide in these pores was observed to have sometimes completely resealed the void. It is, therefore, proposed that the transport of oxygen in the case of oxide scale grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr occurs via voids (pores) formed by vacancy coalescence at the grain boundaries.     

基于DSP320F2812的数字化CO2焊机研制

设计了数字化CO2焊机的硬件结构,并根据CO2焊接工艺的特点,编写了相应的控制软件,实现了整个焊接系统的数字化.试验结果表明,基于DSP320F2812芯片控制的焊接电源具有良好的动特性,获得了较好的控制效果,为控制策略的智能化和最优化提供了良好的平台.     

四相永磁容错电机短路故障容错策略

四相永磁容错电机采用被容错齿隔开的集中式绕组结构,本质上具有一定的容错能力和故障出现后连续运行的能力.针对H桥和星形这两种驱动拓扑结构,在发生单相绕组出线端部短路时,以容错控制后的转矩满足正常需求为目标,分别采用直接转矩补偿方法和旋转磁动势不变方法进行容错控制;对两种容错控制策略进行了推导和对比分析,并对相关结果进行了磁-路联合仿真计算,验证了理论分析的正确性.     

整定管理软件系统在继电保护故障分析中的应用探析

结合实际工作经验,讨论了整定计算软件在新型继电保护系统中应用的必要性,评定和探究了整定管理在继电保护故障分析中的运用,并总结了整定管理在整套系统中的实际应用。     

基于PSS/EBKDY模块的短路电流周期分量计算方法分析

介绍了一种基于电网仿真软件PSS／EBKDY模块的短路电流周期分量计算方法,分别用PSS／E和BPA机电暂态仿真软件对计算结果进行了校核．仿真结果显示,基于PSS／EBKDY模块的短路电流算法有较好的精确度,但该算法的缺点是不够保守,这将影响其在工程短路电流计算上的应用．     

基于包络线和函数拟合的录波数据分析

提出了一种基于包络线和函数拟合来分析短路电流录波数据的实用算法.首先对短路电流录波波形取包络线,利用指数函数拟合,滤除衰减直流分量;然后对周期分量取包络线,通过指数函数拟合来分析短路电流衰减基波分量,最终实现对暂态短路电流基波分量有效值时域内的多分辨率观察与研究.     

直流断线故障下海上风电经柔性直流送出系统的暂态特性

断线故障为常见的直流故障类型之一,研究该场景下海上风电经柔性直流送出系统的暂态响应特性对于系统的保护方案设计有着重要参考价值。首先,分析了直流母线正极断线故障下短路电流产生机理,推导了非故障极短路电流表达式,并分析了接地阻抗参数对该短路电流特性的影响。其次,研究了故障期间风电场侧与电网侧换流站交直流侧暂态电压演变特性。研究表明:故障期间风电场侧直流电压与其有功输出正相关,且两端换流站交流阀侧电压产生了一对大小相等、方向相反的直流偏置分量;此外,采用较大的接地阻抗参数可有效降低短路电流对系统运行性能的影响。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了全系统的电磁暂态仿真模型,通过仿真验证了暂态特性分析的正确性与参数选择的合理性,对于大规模海上风电经柔性直流系统并网的规划设计具有一定的指导意义。