Comparison of 3-breed rotational crossbreds of Montbéliarde,Viking Red,and Holstein with Holstein cows fed 2 alternative diets for dry matter intake,production, and residual feed intake

The objective of this study was to compare 3-breed rotational crossbred (CB) cows of the Montbéliarde, Viking Red, and Holstein (HO) breeds with HO cows fed 2 alternative diets for dry matter intake (DMI), fat plus protein production (CFP), body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), feed efficiency, and residual feed intake (RFI) from 46 to 150 days in milk (DIM) during first lactation. The CB cows (n = 17) and HO cows (n = 19) calved from September 2019 to March 2020. Cows were fed either a traditional total mixed ration diet (TRAD) or a higher fiber, lower starch total mixed ration diet (HFLS). The HFLS had 21% more corn silage, 47% more alfalfa hay, 44% less corn grain, and 43% less corn gluten feed than the TRAD. The 2 diets were analyzed for dry matter content, crude protein, forage digestibility, starch, and net energy for lactation. The BW and BCS were recorded once weekly. Daily milk, fat, and protein production were estimated from twice monthly milk recording with random regression. Measures of efficiency were CFP per kilogram of DMI and DMI per kilogram of BW. The RFI from 46 to 150 DIM was the residual error from regression of DMI on milk energy, metabolic BW, and the energy required for change in BW. Statistical analysis of all variables included the fixed effects of diet, breed group, and the interaction of diet and breed group. The CB cows fed HFLS had less DMI (?12%) and lower DMI/BW (?14%) compared with the HO cows fed TRAD. For CFP, CB and HO cows were not different when fed TRAD or HFLS. Furthermore, the CB cows fed HFLS had higher BW (+50 kg) compared with HO cows fed HFLS. The CB cows fed TRAD had higher BCS than HO cows fed TRAD and HO cows fed HFLS (+0.46 and +0.62, respectively). The HO cows fed TRAD had more DMI (+14%) and lower CFP per kilogram of DMI (?12%) compared with the HO cows fed HFLS. In addition, mean RFI from 46 to 150 DIM was lower and more desirable for CB cows fed HFLS (?120.0 kg) compared with HO cows fed TRAD (85.3 kg). Dairy producers may feed either TRAD or HFLS to CB cows without loss of CFP.     

No-reference quality assessment of dynamic sports videos based on a spatiotemporal motion model

This paper proposes an approach to improve the performance of no-reference video quality assessment for sports videos with dynamic motion scenes using an efficient spatiotemporal model. In the proposed method, we divide the video sequences into video blocks and apply a 3D shearlet transform that can efficiently extract primary spatiotemporal features to capture dynamic natural motion scene statistics from the incoming video blocks. The concatenation of a deep residual bidirectional gated recurrent neural network and logistic regression is used to learn the spatiotemporal correlation more robustly and predict the perceptual quality score. In addition, conditional video block-wise constraints are incorporated into the objective function to improve quality estimation performance for the entire video. The experimental results show that the proposed method extracts spatiotemporal motion information more effectively and predicts the video quality with higher accuracy than the conventional no-reference video quality assessment methods.     

Plasma assists titanium nitride and surface modified titanium nitride nanoparticles from titanium scraps for magnetic properties and supercapacitor applications

Plasma methods are efficient processing for metal recovery from metal scrap, bearing minerals, electronic waste, etc. In this work, pure titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) were synthesized from titanium scraps by the thermal plasma arc discharge (TPAD) method. TPAD synthesized TiN NPs have a highly crystalline nature with cubic and spherical morphologies with average particle sizes of 30–100 nm. Further, prepared TiN NPs involving surface modification (SM) or etching processes were investigated by using the non-thermal DC glow discharge plasma technique with air atmosphere at different processing times. SM@TiN NPs have a comparatively low crystalline, which was confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction technique. SM@TiN NPs have very interesting core shell morphologies, which are due to the surface interactions of ionized air molecules. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have room-temperature ferromagnetic properties with high saturation magnetization (Ms) up to 2.6 and 3.0 emu/g and very high coercivity (Hc) of 235.5 Oe, respectively. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have superior energy storage performance with an outstanding specific capacitance of 192.8 and 435.1 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g with pseudocapacitive behavior. These results reveal that TiN and SM@TiN NPs have highly promising electrodes for supercapacitor applications.     

核磁共振方法研究油水过渡带驱替特征

目前,利用常规手段难以对低含油饱和度油水过渡带进行开采,利用气驱及化学驱方式开采仍具有开发潜力,但对于不同类型的油水过渡带,其开发机理不明确。开展4组天然岩心驱替实验,利用核磁共振技术研究不同类型油水过渡带中剩余油的启动机理和主要分布状态,在此基础上研究油水过渡带的开发特征。实验结果表明,气驱开发方式更适用于低渗岩心;化学驱的乳化及降低表面张力作用对小孔隙中剩余油有较好的动用程度,提高采收率效果显著。     

基于深度学习的彩色以及近红外图像去马赛克

单传感器捕获的彩色-近红外（RGB-NIR）图像存在光谱干扰，从而导致重建出的标准彩色图像（RGB）图像与近红外（NIR）图像存在色彩失真以及细节信息模糊。针对这个问题提出一种基于深度学习的去马赛克方法，通过引入跳远连接与稠密连接解决了梯度消失和梯度弥散问题，使得网络更容易训练，并且提升了网络的拟合能力。首先，用浅层特征提取层提取了马赛克图像的像素相关性以及通道相关性等低级特征；然后，将得到的浅层特征图输入到连续多个的残差稠密块以提取专门针对去马赛克的高级语义特征；其次，为充分利用低级特征与高级特征，将多个残差稠密块提取到的特征进行组合；最后，通过全局跳远连接恢复最终的RGB-NIR图像。在深度学习框架Tensorflow上使用公共的图像与视觉表示组（IVRG）数据集、有植被的户外多光谱图像（OMSIV）数据集和森林（Forest）三个公开数据集进行实验。实验结果表明，所提方法优于基于多级自适应残差插值、基于卷积卷积和神经神经网络以及基于深度残差U型网络的主流的RGB-NIR图像去马赛克方法。     

二次侧非能动余热排出系统流动不稳定性研究

二次侧非能动余热排出（ASP）系统是压水堆核电厂应对全厂断电事故的重要措施之一。为研究ASP系统的运行特性，设计建造了ASP系统试验装置（ASPTF）。在ASPTF上开展了ASP系统运行稳定性影响试验，并对试验结果进行了理论分析。试验研究与理论分析结果表明：低压低功率下ASP系统中出现流动不稳定性；增加蒸汽管线或回水管线阻力系数可抑制ASP系统出现流动不稳定性；降低加热功率时ASP系统更易出现流动不稳定性；主泵运行状态影响ASP系统的输入功率进而影响系统的流动不稳定性。     

利用热解-气相色谱/质谱联用仪研究减压渣油及其胶质亚组分的热解规律

以长庆减压渣油及其胶质亚组分为原料，利用热解-气相色谱/质谱联用仪对其在不同条件下热解的产物进行分析，考察反应温度和升温速率对减压渣油热解的影响。结果表明：随着反应温度升高，热解产物中低碳烯烃含量增加，汽柴油馏分含量先增加后减小，在700 ℃ 时达到峰值；升温速率为1℃/ms时，汽柴油馏分含量最高；芳碳率越大、缩合程度越高的重胶质裂解能力越差。     

丁香酚和三卡因甲磺酸盐在大口黑鲈中代谢残留的比较

为了确定大口黑鲈成鱼适合的麻醉方式和麻醉剂量,研究了不同浓度的丁香酚和MS-222对大口黑鲈的静水麻醉效果。在最适麻醉质量浓度下模拟运输24 h,记录24 h存活率并测定麻醉0.5、4、8、16和24 h后的血清生化指标、水质p H、氨氮以及麻醉剂的残留量。结果表明:随着丁香酚和MS-222浓度增加,入麻时间缩短,复苏时间延长;丁香酚和MS-222的最适质量浓度分别为18~20 mg/L、50~60 mg/L时,两麻醉组模拟运输和复苏24 h后的成活率为100%,显著高于无麻醉运输组的80%和90%(p<0.05);随着麻醉时间延长,丁香酚和MS-222组血清中的皮质醇(COR)分别从336.83pg/m L下降到291.41pg/m L,从286.11上升到367.05pg/m L(p<0.05),丁香酚组血清中的COR显著低于对照组;葡萄糖分别从14.36、7.48 mg/dL下降到7.36、3.11 mg/dL(p<0.05),而丁香酚组中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷草转氨酶(GOT)、尿素氮(BUN)的浓度显著低于MS-222组(p<0.05);残留检测结果表明在麻醉0.5h时,鱼肉中丁香酚含量达到最大值5.14mg/kg,在清水中复苏1d时丁香酚残留量为0.45mg/kg;而MS-222组在8 h残留量达到最大值为36.24 mg/kg,复苏4 d时基本消除完全。结果显示,丁香酚剂量小,代谢快,在诱发氧化应激和组织损伤时有较少的副作用。     

井下均压通风防灭火分析

以井下均压通风防灭火为对象开展探究。结合具体工程实际,在分析煤层自燃风险性的基础上,探究了均压通风防灭火的原理,并总结了均压通风防灭火技术的实践应用。结果表明,均压通风防灭火技术的应用实现了对采空区遗煤自燃的有效防治,对提升矿井作业安全性效果显著。