Passivity‐based adaptive control of a 2‐DOF serial robot manipulator with temperature dependent joint frictions

Mechanical systems are always suffering from the effects of temperature dependent friction forces where the system is operated in a wide range of temperature. Temperature and its variation play an important role in friction force in mechanical systems. If it is not compensated, it will tend to unwanted consequences, including steady‐state errors, limit cycling, and hunting. Therefore, it is necessary to take the temperature effects into account. This has been a strong motivation for the researchers to work on temperature effects on joint friction. In this paper, an adaptive compensation (control) scheme is proposed and applied to a 2‐degree‐of‐freedom serial robot manipulator by taking the temperature effects into account on the joints friction. In the proposed control scheme, the temperature is not required to be sensed. In this paper, joint friction is described by LuGre dynamic model with temperature dependent parameters. These parameters are described by some functions with unknown temperature dependent terms. According to the mathematical and practical concepts, the temperature dependent friction is decomposed into a viscous term and a disturbance term. An adaptive controller is designed to compensate the friction effect and it is shown that the proposed controller relaxes the condition for a priori knowledge about the environment characteristics, including the upper and lower bounds of the environment temperature and the parameters of the functions, describing the temperature dependent joint frictions. The stability and convergence of the joint position and velocity are proved in the sense of Lyapunov and then the proposed method is confirmed by the simulations.     

鸡枞菌锥形削根装置设计

针对鸡枞菌人工锥形削根速度慢、一致性差等问题,设计了锥形削根装置。该装置采用两个对称布置的四连杆机构,连杆刀片运动轨迹呈腰形,两个刀片的直线工作段形成圆锥包络,实现鸡枞菌根部锥形切削。装有摄像头的机械臂识别、抓取并精确控制鸡枞菌进入切削区域的深度,实现精准切削。试验结果表明:两个连杆刀片在0.8s内共进行12次作业,完成锥形切削;装置可在6s内实现1个鸡枞菌的抓取、切削、分级,不仅速度快,且一致性更好。以菇柄直径为12mm的鸡枞菌为例,对比人工削根形成的7棱、6棱、5棱和4棱锥,试验装置削根可分别减少7.5%,9.1%,13.9%,24.4%的根部浪费率。     

机器人系统有限时间自适应迭代学习控制

研究任意初态下，机器人系统的有限时间自适应迭代学习控制方法。引入初始修正吸引子的概念，构造一个含有初始修正项的误差变量。针对定常机器人系统和时变机器人系统，采用Lyapunov-like方法，分别设计迭代学习控制器处理系统中不确定性。并且，采用未含/含限幅学习机制，保证闭环系统各变量的一致有界性和误差变量在整个作业区间一致收敛性。藉以实现跟踪误差在预先指定区间的完全跟踪。仿真结果验证所设计控制方法的有效性。     

Team O2AS' approach for the task-board task of the World Robot Challenge 2018

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe the approach of Team O2AS to complete the task-board task of the World Robot Challenge 2018, held in Tokyo. We use a custom gripper and graspable tools with in-built compliance to work with various kinds of parts, increase robustness against uncertainties, and to avoid complicated control strategies. The robots are able to finish all the sub-tasks without the need to exchange grippers. The main idea is to use mechanical compliance and self-centering mechanisms to deal with uncertainty. This is achieved by aligning the objects using either the gripper and tools, or by the design of the robot motions.     

Participatory design of a robot for demonstrating an epileptic seizure

ABSTRACT

We present the methodology and results of participatory design of a robot for presenting an epileptic seizure and a scenario of the educational workshop using this robot. Children with epilepsy encounter stigma and stereotypes and may receive inadequate aid when having an epileptic seizure. The goal of the larger project was to use the prototype device in a series of workshops for improving teachers' actions during an epileptic seizure and their attitudes towards epileptic students. In this paper, we show how various design goals for an educational robot were accomplished to fit the needs of all identified stakeholders, particularly people with epilepsy.

We used a co-design (participatory design) approach through a series of meetings participated by members of the association Polish Association for People Suffering from Epilepsy, students and faculty members of the biomedical engineering and robotics departments, teachers, psychologists and medical specialists (epileptologist, neurologist).

These meetings created an opportunity for a better understanding of the (functional and nonfunctional) requirements and resulting tradeoffs and led the participants to find appropriate solutions. Participation of people with epilepsy in the design process allowed them to deal with the potentially stereotyped representation of themselves. The prototype robot, therefore, combined goals of various stakeholders, such as an accurate presentation of an epileptic seizure, lightweight, ease of use and control, while preserving the dignity of people with epilepsy.

As a result of the co-designing process, an inexpensive robot was created and used in a series of 10 pilot workshops with 217 participants, mainly teachers of primary and middle schools. Teachers improved their understanding of epilepsy and suggested further improvements to the system.     

一种弹性足式机器人腿部结构设计与分析

针对足式机器人在实现奔跑、跳跃等极限运动时,腿部会受到地面较大反向冲击力的问题,使用仿生学方法以猫科动物腿部骨骼肌系统为仿生对象,通过引入变刚度弹性杆件对闭链连杆机构进行优化设计,设计一种结构简单、能够有效储存地面反向冲击力并将其转化为运动时动能的足式机器人腿部机构;建立数学模型,对变刚度弹性元件进行定量分析,并采用矢量回路法对连杆机构进行运动学分析;建立优化前后两种单腿机构的虚拟样机,使用MATLAB软件设计控制系统,并应用ADAMS对虚拟样机进行行走、跳跃仿真,对优化前后两种腿部机构进行对比实验;在此基础上搭建实物样机,并进行实验验证。实验结果表明:所提出的足式机器人腿部结构具备可实现性,能够将来自地面的冲击力转化为运动的动能,提升足式机器人的跳跃高度。     

分户式燃气采暖炉在住宅中应用的问题

从环保、安全、简易实施、节能节支的角度阐述了分户式燃气采暖炉的优越性。文章对其在住宅中应用时的一些主要问题做了详细的论述,既有专业理论意义,又能满足实际应用的需要。     

果蔬采摘欠驱动灵巧机械手的设计

欠驱动机构是指驱动器数目少于机构本身自由度数目的机构。为了实现果蔬的无损采摘,通过理论分析、指端结构设计、传动机构设计和驱动机构设计与建模仿真,设计出一种灵活性高、结构简单的果蔬采摘欠驱动灵巧机械手。该机械手抓取物体时具有形状自适应能力,可完全包络物体实现无损采摘,且体积小、成本低,能够适应农业采摘自动化技术的推广。     

多关节自主游动机器鱼的设计与控制

为研究机器鱼设计过程中的关键问题(如密封、配重)以及机器鱼控制中的难点(如逼真的模拟鱼的游动),设计了四关节且可以自主游动的鲹科机器鱼研究平台,展示了机器鱼机械结构和控制系统的设计过程。水下实验证明此机器鱼平台可行而有效,能够真实地模拟真鱼的游动姿态和行为,可用于后续研究,如提高机器鱼的游动效率、优化机器鱼的控制算法等。     

A new twist on gyroscopic sensing: body rotations lead to torsion in flapping,flexing insect wings

Insects perform fast rotational manoeuvres during flight. While two insect orders use flapping halteres (specialized organs evolved from wings) to detect body dynamics, it is unknown how other insects detect rotational motions. Like halteres, insect wings experience gyroscopic forces when they are flapped and rotated and recent evidence suggests that wings might indeed mediate reflexes to body rotations. But, can gyroscopic forces be detected using only changes in the structural dynamics of a flapping, flexing insect wing? We built computational and robotic models to rotate a flapping wing about an axis orthogonal to flapping. We recorded high-speed video of the model wing, which had a flexural stiffness similar to the wing of the Manduca sexta hawkmoth, while flapping it at the wingbeat frequency of Manduca (25 Hz). We compared the three-dimensional structural dynamics of the wing with and without a 3 Hz, 10° rotation about the yaw axis. Our computational model revealed that body rotation induces a new dynamic mode: torsion. We verified our result by measuring wing tip displacement, shear strain and normal strain of the robotic wing. The strains we observed could stimulate an insect''s mechanoreceptors and trigger reflexive responses to body rotations.