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排序方式: 共有1523条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(73):31202-31222
Dark fermentation of sugarcane vinasse can be used as a “cleaning” step to remove sulfate prior to methanogenesis because sulfidogenic conditions can be successfully established in parallel with biohydrogen production. Using a 22 central composite rotational design (CCRD) and response surface methodology (RSM), this study assessed the impacts of bicarbonate and sulfate availability on the establishment of sulfidogenesis in the thermophilic (55 °C) fermentation of vinasse in batch reactors, equally assessing the impacts on biohydrogen evolution. CCRD-RSM results indicated the favoring of biohydrogen production at the lowest sulfate and bicarbonate concentrations, whilst the opposite was observed for sulfidogenesis. Glycerol, lactate, and hydrogen were the preferential electron donors utilized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), whilst ethanol was markedly consumed only at high sulfate concentrations. SRB were inhibited by sodium when dosing excess NaHCO3 and Na2SO4. Complementary tests revealed maximum biohydrogen production (2.40 mmol) out of the CCRD, at pH exceeding 7.5 with no interference of sulfidogenesis. Non-efficient biohydrogen production was observed at low pH (<5.0; ~1.90 mmol) because the uptake of lactate was inhibited. Meanwhile, homoacetogenesis was established under intermediate pH range (5.5–6.5), as revealed by the accumulation of acetate (up to 2.5 g L?1). 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing further revealed the genera Thermoanaerobacterium/Pseudoclostridium, Desulfotomaculum/Desulfohalotomaculum and Sporomusaceae/Moorella as the main biohydrogen-producing, sulfate-removing and biohydrogen-consuming (homoacetogens) microbial groups, respectively. Hence, using a single inoculum source, vinasse may provide a butyrate-rich (along with biohydrogen-rich biogas) or a sulfate-free and acetate-rich fermented effluent, depending mainly on proper pH control. 相似文献
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Song JIANG Lifei HUANG Zhonghang WU Yonggang WANG Zi LI Junfeng RAO 《等离子体科学和技术》2021,23(12):125404-104
Energy efficiency limits the application of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(DBD),such as air purification,water treatment and material surface modification.This article focuses on the electrical and optical effects of the DBD under three square wave pulses polarities-positive,negative and bipolar.The result shows that under the same voltage with the quartz glass medium,the discharge efficiency of bipolar polarity pulse is the highest due to the influence of deposited charge.With the increase of air gap distance from 0.5 to 1.5 mm,average power consumed by the discharge air gap and discharge efficiency decrease obviously under alumina,and increase,and then decrease under quartz glass and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA).Through spectrum diagnosis,in the quartz glass medium,the vibration temperature is the highest under negative polarity pulse excitation.Under bipolar pulse,the vibration temperature does not change significantly with the change of air gap distance.For the three dielectric materials of quartz glass,alumina and PMMA,the molecular vibration temperature is the highest under the quartz glass medium with the same voltage.When the gap spacing,pulse polarity or dielectric material are changed,the rotational temperature does not change significantly. 相似文献
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为一个圆筒形滚塑模具在其内部粉料开始熔融之前的加热阶段建立了两种传热理论模型。在第一种传热模型中,将模具内的空气当作主要相的流体,将粉料当作次要相的流体。采用FLUENT软件中多相流模块的Mixture模型对模具内的流动与换热进行仿真计算。第二种传热模型是一种简化的传热模型。即忽略模具的结构形状和温度梯度,同时假设模具内部的粉料和空气混合非常均匀。根据能量守恒定律列出常微分方程组,通过MATLAB软件求解该方程组。分别采用这两种传热模型仿真计算模具温度和模内温度,并将其与实验结果相比较。结果表明,第一种传热模型的仿真精度要高于第二种传热模型,但前者的计算量远大于后者;当考虑变物性时,第一种传热模型的计算精度有明显的改善;而第二种传热模型对模具温度的仿真精度几乎没有改善,但对模内温度的仿真精度反而变得更差。 相似文献
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Multiple degrees‐of‐freedom (multi‐DOF) cell orientation control is a vital important technique involved in single cell surgery applications. Currently, few studies have been performed toward automation of multi‐DOF cell orientation control using robotically controlled optical tweezers. In this paper, a robust control framework is developed to perform multi‐DOF cell rotational control with consideration of model uncertainties and external disturbances. Both simulation and experimental studies are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed control strategy. The main contributions of this work lie in that this is the first time to develop a unified framework to achieve multi‐DOF cell orientation control without the need for accurate dynamic model parameters and/or any knowledge about uncertainty characteristic, which greatly enhances the robustness of the overall system. 相似文献
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为研究不同刚度比防屈曲支撑(buckling-restrained brace,BRB)钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能,设计并制作了3榀BRB水平刚度与主体框架抗侧刚度比值分别为3、5、7的减震框架,通过低周往复荷载试验,对比研究其耗能减震能力、破坏形态、BRB连接节点及节点板性能、BRB转动变形性能、BRB端部附加弯矩产生机制等,探讨与BRB连接的梁、柱构件设计方法。研究结果表明:3榀框架滞回曲线饱满,耗能能力稳定,随着刚度比的增加,屈服荷载及极限荷载提高,BRB连接节点破坏越严重;BRB连接节点板的存在使框架柱塑性铰位置由柱端移至节点板趾部附近区域;水平荷载作用下,各框架中BRB端部由于转动变形产生附加弯矩,转动变形与层间位移角近似呈线性变化关系;加强消能子结构的延性构造措施是实现大变形下BRB充分耗能的有效途径。 相似文献
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Jeffrey J. Lovelace 《Crystallography Reviews》2020,26(1):3-50
Macromolecular crystal structure determination can be complicated or brought to a halt by crystal imperfections. These issues motivated us to write up what we affectionately call ‘The Definitive Hitchhiker’s Guide to Pathological Macromolecular Crystals: Lattice Disorders and Modulations’. Perhaps the most challenging imperfections are lattice order–disorder phenomena and positional modulations. Many of these types of crystals have been solved, and progress has been made on the more challenging forms. Diagnostic tools and how to solve many of these problem crystal structures are reviewed. New avenues are provided for approaching the solution of incommensurately modulated crystals. There are a good number of case studies in the literature of lattice order–disorder phenomena and crystallographic modulations that make it timely to write a review. This review concludes with a projected pathway for solving incommensurately modulated crystals, personal views of future directions and needs of the crystallographic community. 相似文献
9.
研究利用转动摩擦阻尼器(rotational friction hinge dampers, RFD)对高耸钢筋混凝土悬挂内筒烟囱进行风致振动被动控制。提出新型RFD-止晃节点构造,对该摩擦阻尼-悬挂内筒烟囱体系进行风振控制研究,基于Lagrange方程推导受控体系的非线性运动微分方程及其空间状态方程。以某275 m高烟囱为例,采用谐波叠加法模拟了脉动风荷载时程,对比分析5种减振方案。通过选用合理的RFD参数、合理地布置RFD和选择合适的悬挂内筒长度,能获得满意的减振效果。与常用的风振控制装置调频质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper, TMD)、调频液体阻尼器(tuned liquid damper, TLD)相比,RFD质量小,体积小,不影响烟囱内部空间正常使用,具有更大优越性。 相似文献
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在收集到的大量试验数据的基础上,结合旋转硬化表达式,提出一个适用于不同应力路径下的旋转硬化表达式,该公式中共有两个参数,通过理论分析得到这两个参数的确定方法。将该公式导入修正剑桥模型来模拟土体在不同加载路径下的应力应变行为,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,结果显示,采用该旋转硬化表达式的各向异性本构模型得到的结果与试验结果均吻合较好,从而验证了该旋转硬化表达式的合理性。 相似文献