Test sample allocation method for testability verification test

An extended failure mode effect and criticality analysis (FMECA)-based sample allocation method for testability verification is presented in this study to deal with the poor representativeness of test sample sets and the randomness of the testability evaluation results caused by unreasonable selection of failure samples. First, the fault propagation intensity is introduced as part of the extended information of FMECA, and the sample allocation impact factors of component units and failure modes are determined under this framework. Then, the failure mode similarity and impact factor support are defined, and the game decision method for weighing the relationship between similarity and support is proposed to obtain the weight of failure mode impact factor. Finally, a two-step allocation framework of test samples is formulated to realize the sample allocation of component units and failure modes. This method is applied to the testability verification test of a launch control system. Results show that this method can obtain more representative test samples compared with the traditional sample allocation method while effectively reducing randomness of single testability evaluation result.     

Modeling project criticality in IT project portfolios

Today's IT project portfolios (ITPP) contain many projects and varied interdependencies. Depending on a project's criticality to the ITPP, a failure can have massive consequences. However, existing methods usually only assess overall project portfolio risk and do not account for the criticality of single projects and their dependencies. Applying Bayesian network modeling to ITPPs, we bridge this gap and extend the current body of knowledge for the information systems and project management literatures. Our new method analyzes single projects' criticality in a portfolio context by considering both transitive dependencies and different dependency types in an integrated way. Since we demonstrate that single projects' criticality can vary substantially, being aware of which projects are critical is a key success factor for ITPP management. For practitioners, our method provides a straightforward procedure to enhance ITPP risk management.     

散粒体的自组织临界性与非均匀介质的元胞自动机模型

目前,普遍认为自组织临界性的发生与尺度效应和组织原则有关。尺度效应以各国开展的沙堆试验为基础,而组织原则未见有人讨论。首先,进行了不同级配的散粒体沙坡试验,发现散粒体自组织临界性与粒径的非均匀系数有关。随着非均匀系数的逐渐增大,散粒体呈现出不同的试验现象和统计结果,并且散粒体系统的动力行为由准周期到自组织临界性再到准周期进行演化。其次,设计了能够描述非均匀介质和体现非均匀系数的元胞自动机模型,即引入由于摩擦力造成的能量损耗作为表征沙粒表面不同粗糙度的物理量。通过调整能量损耗和半径的取值,可以进行不同非均匀系数、不同规模的元胞自动机数值模拟,其统计结果与真实散粒体沙堆试验相类似。通过沙堆试验和计算机模拟,发现组织原则与系统的鲁棒性和敏感性是否达到平衡有关。只有当非均匀散粒体维持整体的鲁棒性和敏感性的平衡时,才可能突破尺度局限,使大尺度的系统仍呈现自组织临界性;但当非均匀系数继续增大,使系统的鲁棒性占优,而敏感性消失或减弱,两者的平衡被破坏时,非均匀散粒体仍不能呈现自组织临界性现象。因此系统的鲁棒性和敏感性达到平衡是系统呈现自组织临界性现象的必要条件之一。     

基于模糊综合评价的低压安全注射系统可靠性分析

结合设备运行过程中的专家意见,通过模糊综合评价的方法,对专家评价数据进行分析,得到故障模式的模糊综合评价等级,利用Isograph软件实现故障模式传递的可视化以及直观表达故障模式危害度矩阵,利用模糊综合评价的结论及易知部件的故障率求得边界阀的故障率。     

基于FMECA 的高速小型复合分子泵故障分析

针对高速小型复合分子泵各组成单元潜在的各种故障模式及其对产品功能的影响,提出一种基于FMECA的预防或改进措施。通过分析高速小型复合分子泵的各种故障模式及其对整机性能的影响,绘制了高速小型复合分子泵的危害性矩阵图,并确定了支承单元和驱动单元是高速小型复合分子泵的可靠性关键件、薄弱环节。分析结果表明：该研究提出的相应预防或改进措施,为高速小型复合分子泵的优化设计、可靠性增长和故障分析定位提供了可信的参考依据。     

新型半导体纳米材料的主要制备技术

简要论述了半导体纳米材料的发展历史及其特点,着重讨论了当前国内外主要的几种半导体纳米材料的制备工艺技术,包括溶胶-凝胶法、微乳液法、模板法、基于MBE和MOCVD的纳米材料制备法、激光烧蚀法和应变自组装法等,并分析了以上几种纳米材料制备技术的优缺点及其应用前景.     

广州配电网故障停电事故的自组织临界特征

利用配电网可靠性的统计数据研究配电网停电事故的自组织临界(SOC)特性能为提高配电网运行水平、改善供电可靠性提供理论依据。因此,在广州市10 k V配电网可靠性统计数据的基础上,选取了故障停电事故的停电时户数和停电持续时间为分析对象;然后,利用最小二乘法,在双对数坐标系下,对分析对象的标度和频度的关系进行线性拟合,通过F检验,校核标度、频度的线性相关关系,初步验证了10 k V配电网故障停电事故的SOC特性;最后,给出了SOC特性对配电网运行的指导意义。     

Critical parameters influencing value for money variations in PFI projects in the healthcare and transport sectors

Achieving good value for money (VFM) is the principal objective of any private finance initiative (PFI) project while sustaining it throughout the contract life is the greatest challenge. Empirical evidence is required to understand uncertainties surrounding VFM of PFI before finding effective ways to improve it. Variations in costs, time and client requirements are explored, between successive review stages of PFI projects from the strategic business case stage through to the operational phase. The magnitudes of these variations are established and critical parameters that influence them are identified. The research methods include a documentary analysis of the full business cases of five PFI projects and a questionnaire survey of 44 PFI projects from the healthcare and transport sectors in the UK. The findings reveal that the current VFM assessment of PFI projects is often carried out under conditions of considerable uncertainty with frequent changes in costs, timescales and client requirements. The list of critical parameters can help practitioners to identify priority areas and achieve a long-lasting VFM. The study broadens the understanding of whole life aspects of VFM of PFI projects and the interactivity of project parameters at different stages.     

自组织与自组织城市

自组织理论和方法在当代城市地理学和规划理论的前沿领域有着非常重要而深刻的应用 ,这方面的研究工作已经有30多年的历史乃至更早。文章评介了自组织城市理论、模型和自组织城市规划思想与方法 ,解释了自组织概念的基本含义 ,分别介绍了自组织城市研究的 7个重要领域 :耗散城市、协同城市、混沌城市、分形城市、细胞城市、沙堆城市以及FACS和IRN城市 ,讨论了基于自组织研究的空间复杂性问题     

自组织分层金属掺杂类金刚石薄膜的研究进展

近年来,研究学者发现在沉积过程中,某些金属元素掺杂类金刚石薄膜时能够形成一种特殊的自组织分层纳米结构,这种纳米结构克服了人为调控多层薄膜的工艺复杂性及局限性,同时赋予了薄膜更加优异的性能。主要综述了国内外对金属掺杂类金刚石薄膜中自组织分层结构的影响因素、形成机理等方面的研究现状。详细阐述了金属类型及含量、沉积条件(脉冲频率、基体偏压、气流比、沉积温度、沉积时间)、沉积方法等参数对自组织分层结构的生成及富金属层厚、富碳层厚、层数等尺寸的作用规律。重点介绍了离子重排机理、金属催化机理、强离子辐照诱导机理和靶中毒机理四种自组织分层结构形成机理的特点,并探讨了目前研究工作中存在的一些不足,如自组织分层结构的形成机理尚不清晰。上述四种机理模型均具有一定的局限性,且如何设计工艺参数实现自组织分层结构的内在调控仍是一个科学难点。针对这些问题,提出了自组织分层结构碳基薄膜的未来研究方向。