一种基于FCOS神经网络的小建筑物目标检测方法北大核心

提出了一种基于FCOS神经网络的小建筑物目标检测算法,针对FCOS模型在特征提取阶段提取到的小建筑物目标特征较少问题,引入多尺度检测和可变形卷积方式,加强网络对小建筑物目标的特征提取能力,并通过改进后的SGE注意力机制降低特征图中的干扰噪声权重。改进后的网络可以提取到更多的小建筑物目标特征,对环境干扰噪声的鲁棒性更强。在自己搭建的数据集上进行了实验测试,结果表明,在相同环境下网络改进后建筑物的整体检测准确率提升了1.7%,其中对小建筑物目标提升了3.6%,减少了小建筑物目标漏检、误检的问题。     

一种基于抽取LMS的距离旁瓣抑制方法

在噪声雷达中，传统相关处理方法的距离旁瓣受到时宽带宽积的限制，在有限相关处理时间内得到的距离旁瓣较高，会造成微弱目标被强目标、杂波旁瓣淹没的现象。提出一种基于抽取最小均方（Least Mean Square,LMS）滤波的噪声雷达旁瓣抑制方法，将LMS滤波器的系数作为距离压缩结果，从而获取较低的距离旁瓣。对该方法的性能进行了理论分析，并通过数字仿真验证了算法的有效性和理论分析的正确性。     

Processing and properties of Nextel™ 720 fiber reinforced alumina-zirconia ceramic matrix composites

The continuous Nextel? 720 fiber-reinforced zirconia/alumina ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) were prepared by slurry infiltration process and precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) process. The introduction of submicron zirconia powders into the aqueous slurry was optimized to offer comprehensively good sintering activity, high thermal resistance and good mechanical properties for the CMCs. Meanwhile, the zirconia and alumina preceramic polymers were used to strengthen the porous ceramic matrix through the PIP process. The final CMC sample achieved a high flexural strength of 200 MPa after one infiltration cycle of alumina preceramic polymer and thermal treatment at 1150 °C for 2 h. The flexural strength retention of the improved CMC sample was 104% and 89% respectively after thermal exposure at 1100 °C and 1200 °C for 24 h.     

Coupling effects of water content,temperature, oxygen density,and polytetrafluoroethylene loading on oxygen transport through ionomer thin film on platinum surface in catalyst layer of proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In this work, coupling effects of water content, temperature, oxygen density, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loading on oxygen transport through an ionomer thin film on a platinum surface in a catalyst layer of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell are investigated using molecular dynamics approach. Taguchi orthogonal algorithm is employed to comprehensively analyze the coupling effects in a limited number of cases. It is found that the effect of operation temperature is the weakest among the four factors, which has the smallest effect index 14.4. Coupling effects including the PTFE loadings on the oxygen transfer through the ionomer thin film is uncovered. Less PTFE loadings should be beneficial for the oxygen transfer. The chemical potential gradient is considered as the major driven force for the oxygen transport through the ionomer thin film, and oxygen density is the dominating factor, significantly affecting the chemical potential in the thin film.     

风险矩阵法在A水泥工厂风险分级的应用初探

本文介绍“风险矩阵法”进行风险分级工作的基本思路，结合水泥厂的生产特点通过危险有害因素辨识，获得危险源分布情况，采用风险矩阵法对风险进行评估，按风险值将风险等级划分为重大风险、较大风险、一般风险和低风险，为水泥生产企业的安全风险分级工作提供参考。     

Unraveling specific role of carbon matrix over Pd/quasi-Ce-MOF facilitating toluene enhanced degradation

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) derivatives represented by quasi-MOFs have excellent physical and chemical properties and can be applied for the catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this work, Pd/quasi-Ce-BTC synthesized by simple one-step N₂ pyrolysis was applied to the oxidation of toluene, showing excellent toluene catalytic activity (T₉₀ = 175 °C, 30000 mL/(g·h)). Microscopic analyses indicate the formation and interaction of a carbon matrix composite quasi-MOF structure interface. The results show that the amorphous carbon matrix formed during the partial pyrolysis of Ce-BTC significantly improves the adsorption and activation capacity of toluene in the reaction, and constructs a reductive system to maintain high concentrations of Ce³⁺ and Pd⁰, which can facilitate the activation and utilization of oxygen in reaction. Quasi in-situ XPS proves that carbon matrix is indirectly involved in the activation and storage of oxygen, and Pd⁰ is the crucial active site for the activation of oxygen. Stability and water resistance tests display good stability of Pd/quasi-Ce-BTC. This work provides a potential method for designing quasi-MOF catalysts towards VOCs effective abatement.     

A Tradeoff Between Accuracy and Speed for K-Means Seed Determination

With a sharp increase in the information volume, analyzing and retrieving this vast data volume is much more essential than ever. One of the main techniques that would be beneficial in this regard is called the Clustering method. Clustering aims to classify objects so that all objects within a cluster have similar features while other objects in different clusters are as distinct as possible. One of the most widely used clustering algorithms with the well and approved performance in different applications is the k-means algorithm. The main problem of the k-means algorithm is its performance which can be directly affected by the selection in the primary clusters. Lack of attention to this crucial issue has consequences such as creating empty clusters and decreasing the convergence time. Besides, the selection of appropriate initial seeds can reduce the cluster’s inconsistency. In this paper, we present a new method to determine the initial seeds of the k-mean algorithm to improve the accuracy and decrease the number of iterations of the algorithm. For this purpose, a new method is proposed considering the average distance between objects to determine the initial seeds. Our method attempts to provide a proper tradeoff between the accuracy and speed of the clustering algorithm. The experimental results showed that our proposed approach outperforms the Chithra with 1.7% and 2.1% in terms of clustering accuracy for Wine and Abalone detection data, respectively. Furthermore, achieved results indicate that comparing with the Reverse Nearest Neighbor (RNN) search approach, the proposed method has a higher convergence speed.     

无黏土相盐水储层钻开液体系构建及其抗污染性能评价

采用NaCl/KCl/HCOONa复配欠饱和盐水作为钻开液的基础液相,自研的聚合物VIS-B作为流型调节剂,可酸溶的改性淀粉STA作为体系的降失水剂,Dua及Jqw作为暂堵材料,构建了一套无黏土相钻开液体系。该体系在密度1.10~1.28 g/cm^3间稳定可调,抗温可达130℃,具有较高的低剪切速率黏度和较好的润滑性能,且能有效抵抗各类储层污染物的污染,满足了Missan油田不同储层段的作业需求。     

基于Matlab的量子激光雷达稳频通信模拟系统设计

传统通信模拟系统设计较为复杂,导致模拟过程消耗能量较大,不能准确模拟稳频通信质量。因此,提出基于Matlab的量子激光雷达稳频通信模拟系统。由于振荡器是雷达形成初始信号源的基础,通过分析振荡电路与相位噪声,获得相位噪声函数与通信频率存在的关系;为确保通信过程的稳定,将准确性与稳定性作为信号质量的评价指标,并采用锁频环稳频技术计算频率偏移程度,根据PID控制算法控制频率,量子激光雷达稳频通信;利用Matlab确定激光器、探测器等硬件组成结构,通过时序与数字阵列的设置完成模拟系统设计。仿真结果表明所提系统结构简便、性能稳定,能够真实模拟出稳频通信的信号质量。     

Predicting the mechanical properties of Cu–Al2O3 nanocomposites using machine learning and finite element simulation of indentation experiments

Micromechanics model, finite element (FE) simulation of microindentation and machine learning were deployed to predict the mechanical properties of Cu–Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. The micromechanical model was developed based on the rule of mixture and grain and grain boundary sizes evolution to predict the elastic modulus of the produced nanocomposites. Then, a FE model was developed to simulate the microindentation test. The input for the FE model was the elastic modulus that was computed using the micromechanics model and wide range of yield and tangent stresses values. Finally, the output load-displacement response from the FE model, the elastic modulus, the yield and tangent strengths used for the FE simulations, and the residual indentation depth were used to train the machine learning model (Random vector functional link network) for the prediction of the yield and tangent stresses of the produced nanocomposites. Cu–Al₂O₃ nanocomposites with different Al₂O₃ concentration were manufactured using insitu chemical method to validate the proposed model. After training the model, the microindentation experimental load-displacement curve for Cu–Al₂O₃ nanocomposites was fed to the machine learning model and the mechanical properties were obtained. The obtained mechanical properties were in very good agreement with the experimental ones achieving 0.99 coefficient of determination R2 for the yield strength.