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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(85):36216-36231
The fuel cell/battery durability and hybrid system stability are major considerations for the power management of fuel cell hybrid electric bus (FCHEB) operating on complicated driving conditions. In this paper, a real time nonlinear adaptive control (NAC) with stability analyze is formulated for power management of FCHEB. Firstly, the mathematical model of hybrid power system is analyzed, which is established for control-oriented design. Furthermore, the NAC-based strategy with quadratic Lyapunov function is set up to guarantee the stability of closed-loop power system, and the power split between fuel cell and battery is controlled with the durability consideration. Finally, two real-time power management strategies, state machine control (SMC) and fuzzy logic control (FLC), are implemented to evaluate the performance of NAC-based strategy, and the simulation results suggest that the guaranteed stability of NAC-based strategy can efficiently prolong fuel cell/battery lifespan and provide better fuel consumption economy for FCHEB. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of dairy science》2022,105(5):3926-3938
Sensory and physical properties of 2 lemon-flavored beverages with 5% and 7.5% wt/wt nonfat dry milk (NFDM) at pH 2.5 were studied during storage. The 2 beverages had similar volatile compounds, but the 5% NFDM had higher aroma and lemon flavor, with a preferred appearance by consumers due to the lower turbidity and viscosity. After 28 d of storage at 4°C, lemon flavor decreased in the 5% NFDM beverage but was still more intense than the 7.5% one. During 70 d of storage, no microorganisms were detected, and the beverages were more stable when stored at 4°C than at room temperature according to changes of physical properties measured for appearance, turbidity, color, particle size, zeta potential, rheological properties, and transmission electron microscopy morphology. Findings of the present study suggest that NFDM may be used at 5% wt/wt to produce stable acidic dairy beverages with low turbidity when stored at 4°C. 相似文献
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Clive Bell 《Papers in Regional Science》2022,101(2):373-397
The effects of a rural roads programme depend on labour mobility, how the programme is financed, and agglomeration economies. If financed by a rural poll tax and cross-price effects and agglomeration economies are sufficiently small, the wage will rise, with some return migration. Taxes on trade act as countervailing distortions, yielding urban households some relief. Rural-urban commuting promotes the exploitation of agglomeration economies; taxes on international trade are then inferior to a poll tax. The change in the value, at producer prices, of the rural sector's net supply vector can be a poor measure of the programme's social profitability. 相似文献
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(1):754-759
Thermal control coatings (TCCs) are an essential part of the thermal control systems in the spacecraft. Solar absorptance and emittance are the key performance parameters of TCCs. To develop an ultra-low solar absorption and stable inorganic TCCs for surface radiator, different TCCs were prepared by co-sintering ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles to form Zn2SiO4/SiO2 pigment in this work, and the optical properties and radiation stability were systematically studied. It is found that the coating based on composite pigment has high reflectivity in the ultraviolet band and excellent optical performance possessing the low solar absorption of 0.06. In addition, the Zn2SiO4/SiO2 coating demonstrates the highest proton and electron radiation stability because that SiO2 between Zn2SiO4 particles acts as the relaxation center of the defects caused by radiation. 相似文献
6.
5G蜂窝网络发展迅猛,其覆盖面积将逐渐增大,因此使用5G蜂窝网络进行定位是有研究潜力的研究方向。本文提出一种新的深度学习技术来实现高效、高精度和低占用的定位,以代替传统指纹定位过程中繁重的指纹库生成以及距离计算。该方法建立了一个特殊的卷积神经网络,并根据5G天线信号的接收信号强度指示、相位和到达角等特征量,选择合适的输入数据格式构造样本组建训练集,对该卷积神经网络进行训练。训练得到的卷积神经网络可以替代指纹定位中的庞大指纹库,非常有利于直接在5G移动设备端实现定位。虽然卷积神经网络在训练过程中需要大量时间,但在训练完毕后直接进行分类定位的速度非常快,可以保障定位实现的实时性。本文所实现的卷积神经网络权重与偏置所占内存不到0.5 MB,且能够在实际应用环境中以95%的定位准确率以及0.1 m的平均定位精度实现高精度定位。 相似文献
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(1):10-21
Pc-WLEDs are considered to play a spectacular role in future generation light sources in view of their outstanding energy efficiency. In this regard, Eu3+ activated BaY2ZnO5 phosphor was prepared and investigated by XRD, PL and SEM analyses. Rietveld refinement analysis was carried out to confirm the structure of the synthesized phosphor. The prepared phosphor shows an intense red emission around 627 nm under excitation by near UV light. The 5D0-7F2 transition intensity of the prepared phosphor is three times higher compared to the commercial (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+ red phosphor. The CIE colour coordinates of BaY2ZnO5:Eu3+ (9mol%) phosphor corresponds to be (0.6169, 0.3742) and it has a high 97.9 % colour purity. The obtained results reveal the utility of BaY2ZnO5:Eu3+ phosphor as an efficient red component in WLEDs, anti-counterfeiting and fingerprint detection applications. 相似文献
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(5):6258-6265
Co/W co-doped Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2-x(Co1/3W2/3)xO9 (NBNCW-x) ceramic samples were prepared by the conventional solid state reaction method. The electrical properties and crystal structure of the NBNCW-x ceramic samples were analyzed in detail. The XRD and Rietveld refinement results showed that the samples lattice distortion decreased with the increment of Co/W doping. The XPS results showed that the number of oxygen vacancies in the Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 ceramics could be reduced by the substitution of a small amount of Co/W. The weakened lattice distortion and reduced number of oxygen vacancies of the Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9 ceramics synergistically contributed to its improved electrical properties. In particular, the Na0.5Bi2.5Nb1.97(Co1/3W2/3)0.03O9 ceramic exhibited the best performance, and its Tc, d33 and Pr were 780 °C, 24.9 pC/N and 12.6 μC/cm2, respectively. The dielectric loss was only 3.3% at 550 °C. In addition, this ceramic exhibited excellent thermal stability, with the d33 value of the ceramic being 95.2% of its original value when annealed at 750 °C. These properties indicate that the Co/W co-doped Na0.5Bi2.5Nb2O9-based ceramics have potential application in the high-temperature field. 相似文献
10.
以正辛基三乙氧基硅烷和3-巯基丙基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂,以双氧水为氧化剂,在水基环境下对亲水纳米SiO2颗粒表面进行改性,得到具有磺酸基和辛基的双亲纳米SiO2颗粒,并通过红外和热重对其化学结构和热稳定性进行分析。将双亲纳米SiO2颗粒分散在地层水中制备纳米流体,并评价纳米流体的稳定性、界面性质和渗吸效率。利用核磁共振技术探究纳米流体渗吸过程中岩心孔隙内原油运移规律。结果表明,纳米流体储存30 d未出现分层现象,表现出良好的稳定性;经纳米流体处理的岩心亲水性增强。此外,双亲纳米SiO2颗粒将油水界面张力降低至1.7 mN/m;纳米流体渗吸采收率高达22.6%,渗吸初始阶段小孔隙中的原油被动用,而在渗吸后期阶段大孔隙中的原油才被动用。 相似文献