An integrated model for analysing the effects of ultrasonic vibration on tool torque and thermal processes in friction stir welding

An integrated model of ultrasonic vibration enhanced friction stir welding (UVeFSW) is developed by integrating the thermal-fluid model with the ultrasonic field model and tool torque model. The tool torque and the heat generation rate at tool/workpiece contact interfaces are coupled with the interfacial temperature, strain rate and ultrasonic energy density. The model is used in quantitatively analysing the effects of ultrasonic vibration on tool torque and thermal processes in friction stir welding (FSW). The results show that ultrasonic vibration reduces the flow stress, which results in a decreasing of tool torque, interfacial heat generation rate and interfacial temperature. The complicated interaction of ultrasonic energy with the thermal processes in FSW leads to a gentle thermal gradient and an enhanced plastic material flow in UVeFSW. The model is validated by a comparison of the calculated thermal cycles and tool torque at various welding parameters with the experimentally measured ones.     

煤层顶板硬岩大直径定向钻孔施工关键技术

根据顶板高位定向钻孔快速钻进成孔与工作面卸压瓦斯高效抽采治理需要，针对现有螺杆马达定向钻进技术与分级扩孔方法存在的问题，开展了顶板硬岩定向钻进与大直径扩孔钻进关键技术研究，开发了冲击回转定向钻进技术、扭冲回转定向钻进技术、扭冲旋转扩孔技术以及双级双速扩孔技术等钻孔提速新技术，研制了冲击螺杆马达、矿用小直径扭力冲击器、双级双速螺杆马达、组合式扩孔钻头等配套钻具。综合试验结果表明，硬岩定向钻孔平均机械钻进效率达到8.34 m/h，最高达到13.6 m/h，较常规螺杆马达定向钻进技术提升20%~30%；硬岩大直径扩孔终孔直径达到200 mm，机械钻进效率平均达到5.6 m/h以上，最高达到10.5 m/h。该技术提升了顶板硬岩定向钻进效率与大直径扩孔钻进效率，缩短了顶板高位定向钻孔的综合施工周期，为大直径高位定向长钻孔快速成孔与高效抽采治理回采工作面卸压瓦斯提供了可靠的技术手段。     

水泵水轮机导叶动态水力矩特性分析

采用SST k-ω湍流模型对某高水头水泵水轮机进行全流道三维非定常数值模拟,分别对在水轮机工况和水泵工况运行下的导叶动态力矩特性进行分析。结果表明:在水轮机工况下,随着流量的增大,不同位置处导叶的动态水力矩变化规律一致,力矩值由正值变为负值,力矩脉动频率与转轮叶片数相关,流量越大,叶频影响越显著;在水泵工况下,最高扬程工况时导叶水力矩脉动频率主频为转频且脉动幅值较大,而最低扬程工况下导叶水力矩脉动主频为叶频,力矩脉动幅值较小。     

搅拌式风力致热装置启动性能研究

搭建搅拌式风力致热试验台,以自制的2种致热器为研究对象,使其分别在3个不同平均角加速度24.92、14.66、8.04 rad/s2下启动。通过动态扭矩测试仪和数据采集仪测试记录致热器启动阶段的相关数据。结果表明:致热器启动时所需扭矩与角加速度的一次方、转速、叶片半径的二次方成正比,同时得出这些因素之间的关系式;满负荷时,启动扭矩会出现一个峰值,且角加速度越大峰值越大,自然风必须提供峰值以上的扭矩,否则装置无法启动。     

Wind turbine speed control of a contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester

ABSTRACT

Wind turbine control is an important task to make the electricity generation secure in terms of energy demand and machine safety. It also yields to control the desired power level and optimized energy because of the assignment of turbine speed. The contactless piezoelectric wind energy harvester (CPWEH) used in this study has three piezoelectric layers located around the shaft with 120 degrees apart and they are buckled by the magnetic force without any physical contact. The superiority of this device is to generate energy for low wind speeds such as 1.5 m/s. However, for high speeds, high total harmonic distortions (THDs) govern the waveforms, thus controlling the turbine speed becomes necessary for optimizing the output power. Encouraged by this, a small low inertia dc generator is coupled with the wind turbine, and the generator terminals are connected to a resistor through a power switch to generate a braking torque that opposes to wind speed direction. By controlling the switch properly, turbine speed is ensured to remain within a certain band, which accordingly prevents the turbine from rotating very fast at damaging wind speeds. Several experiments are performed on the developed CPWEH with/without the presented control scheme which prove the existence of promising performance of our proposal.     

Electromagnetic torque detecting for optimization of in-mould electromagnetic stirring in the billet and bloom continuous casting

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an electromagnetic torque device based on the theoretical model was established to determine the optimum frequency accurately and conveniently in billet and bloom continuous casting with in-mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). Magnetic characteristics with M-EMS was investigated by numerical simulation and physical experiment with the application of electromagnetic torque device and gauss meter. In addition, the effects of stirring frequency with M-EMS on macro segregation and equiaxed crystal ratio were compared and analysed for 55SiCr with 150?mm?×?150?mm billet caster and BU with 310?×?360?mm bloom caster by a series of plant trials, respectively. The results showed that maximum magnetic flux density and maximum electromagnetic torque occurred with different frequency and same current in M-EMS, and central equiaxed crystal ratio and macro segregation has been significantly improved by optimum frequency with M-EMS.     

基于Kӧtter方程的盾构掘进面上被切削土体受力研究

为了计算不同土体性质与不同掘进参数下盾构刮刀与土体之间的作用力以及由此带来的切削扭矩,引入了修正后的Kӧtter方程作为补充方程,求解出开挖面上土体在被动切削至破坏时滑动面上的应力分布,建立了被切削土体受力模型,求解出刮刀刃面与土体之间的正压力p、摩擦力Q与侧向土体间抗剪阻力U,进而推导出刀盘切削扭矩T的计算公式。分析得到特定刀盘上刮刀的p,Q,U值随土体c,φ值增大而增大,通过适当提高刮刀刃面粗糙度来增大摩擦可使土体更易被切至破坏;p,Q,U值随刀盘转速ω增大而减小,p,Q随支护荷载p线性增大且p对于被切削土体受力的影响在砂性土中较大,最终给出特定刀盘掘进至部分种类土体中的切削扭矩值作为工程参考。     

无扩口导管拧紧力矩对其密封性能的影响

以某型飞机中无扩口液压导管为研究对象,结合飞机液压导管实际安装以及保压工况,利用有限元软件ANSYS中多线性随动强化来模拟导管弹塑性本构模型;对处于不同安装力矩以及恒定压力下的导管连接件进行仿真分析,研究安装力矩对导管管接头处的应力应变以及密封性能的影响,并给出参考安装力矩。构建液压导管安装试验台,利用力矩扳手采集拧紧力矩值并使用液压油车对导管进行加压试验,验证不同安装力矩对导管管接头密封性能的影响。结果表明:导管与卡套之间的胀形区域产生的大变形以及应力集中是引起导管管接头渗漏的主要原因之一;所提出的密封性能仿真方法可以较为准确地模拟拧紧力矩与密封性能的关系,为实际工程中导管安装提供依据。     

高能同步辐射光源储存环快校正磁铁电源设计

高能同步辐射光源（HEPS）具有0.1 nm·rad的超低发射度，对束流稳定度提出了较高要求，研制1台高性能快校正磁铁电源用来提高快速轨道反馈系统（FOFB）的性能以提升束流稳定度。电源样机采用新颖的多电平级联拓扑结构提升电源样机的动态性能，使用基于数字控制的新颖控制方法实现样机的动态性能提升。软件仿真与样机试验数据证明，电源样机具有10 kHz小信号带宽、电源阶跃响应时间小于70 μs、输出电流纹波低于20 ppm，电源样机可很好地满足HEPS建设需求。     

Robust SVM-direct torque control of induction motor based on sliding mode controller and sliding mode observer

This paper proposes a design of control and estimation strategy for induction motor based on the variable structure approach. It describes a coupling of sliding mode direct torque control (DTC) with sliding mode flux and speed observer. This algorithm uses direct torque control basics and the sliding mode approach. A robust electromagnetic torque and flux controllers are designed to overcome the conventional SVM-DTC drawbacks and to ensure fast response and full reference tracking with desired dynamic behavior and low ripple level. The sliding mode controller is used to generate reference voltages in stationary frame and give them to the controlled motor after modulation by a space vector modulation (SVM) inverter. The second aim of this paper is to design a sliding mode speed/flux observer which can improve the control performances by using a sensorless algorithm to get an accurate estimation, and consequently, increase the reliability of the system and decrease the cost of using sensors. The effectiveness of the whole composed control algorithm is investigated in different robustness tests with simulation using Matlab/Simulink and verified by real time experimental implementation based on dS pace 1104 board.