Mixture ratio modeling of dynamic systems

Any knowledge extraction relies (possibly implicitly) on a hypothesis about the modelled-data dependence. The extracted knowledge ultimately serves to a decision-making (DM). DM always faces uncertainty and this makes probabilistic modelling adequate. The inspected black-box modeling deals with “universal” approximators of the relevant probabilistic model. Finite mixtures with components in the exponential family are often exploited. Their attractiveness stems from their flexibility, the cluster interpretability of components and the existence of algorithms for processing high-dimensional data streams. They are even used in dynamic cases with mutually dependent data records while regression and auto-regression mixture components serve to the dependence modeling. These dynamic models, however, mostly assume data-independent component weights, that is, memoryless transitions between dynamic mixture components. Such mixtures are not universal approximators of dynamic probabilistic models. Formally, this follows from the fact that the set of finite probabilistic mixtures is not closed with respect to the conditioning, which is the key estimation and predictive operation. The paper overcomes this drawback by using ratios of finite mixtures as universally approximating dynamic parametric models. The paper motivates them, elaborates their approximate Bayesian recursive estimation and reveals their application potential.     

Homogeneous and Universal Detection of Various Targets with a Dual-Step Transduced Toehold Switch Sensor

Toehold switch sensors represent a class of new advances that allow specific targets to trigger in situ expression of a protein reporter. Although they offer unique advantages of a label-free nature and high portability, they generally require repeated sequence design, high expenditure, and laborious optimization of toehold switch sequences according to different targets. To simplify the sensing process further and to improve its practicability, we innovatively introduce a dual-step pre-transduction upon traditional toehold switch sensor. Through two successive toehold-mediated strand-displacement reactions that are initiated, respectively, by a linear and an associative trigger, different DNAs, RNAs, or ligands of functional nucleic acids can be generally transduced into the input of one high-performance toehold switch sensor. This advance greatly increases the target range. Furthermore, the whole process is signal-on, homogeneous, and free of any requirements for complicated operations such as probe labeling, separation, and reconstruction of the toehold switch, being promising and practical even in portable or point-of-care assays.     

一种精确测量ASTM标准圆形拉伸试样锥度的方法

介绍了ASTM标准中圆形拉伸试样主要部位的尺寸与要求。采用国产万能工具显微镜-投影法对试样在平行长度部位的锥度进行了测量。该方法简便易行,结果准确可靠,满足了标准要求,同时发挥了老设备的作用,保证了试样的加工精度。     

Probing Ambiguous Base‐Pairs by Genetic Transformation with XNA Templates

The templating potential of anhydrohexitol oligonucleotides bearing ambiguous bases was studied in vivo, by using a selection screen for mosaic heteroduplex plasmids in Escherichia coli. 1,5‐Anhydro‐2,3‐dideoxy‐2‐(5‐nitroindazol‐1‐yl)‐D ‐arabino‐hexitol showed the greatest ambiguity among the three nucleosides tested. At most two successive ambiguous bases could be tolerated on hexitol templates read in bacterial cells. Hexitol nucleosides bearing simplified heterocycles thus stand as promising monomers for generating random DNA sequences in vivo from defined synthetic oligonucleotides.     

申遗背景下的中国自然遗产潜力评估

参照世界自然遗产地学、美学、生物生态过程和濒危物种栖息地4项申遗评选标准,依据地貌景观、生物景观等价值构成,建立美学价值评估方法;依据世界遗产13类地学主题评价框架、地质演化过程、典型类型地貌等价值构成,建立地学价值评估方法;依据生态系统过程、物种多样性、栖息地等价值构成,建立生物生态学价值评估方法。利用全球对比的方法提取和评估突出普遍价值,将中国自然遗产潜力区分为青藏高原区、西北干旱区、东部季风区等生态环境基本单元,筛选我国世界自然遗产潜力区。重点提出海洋类世界自然遗产和西部北部地区申遗的可能性,提出中国申报世界自然遗产突出普遍价值的评估策略与优先原则。     

钢骨混凝土柱正截面承载力计算的叠加方法

根据塑性理论下限定理,对于给定的轴向力,由平衡条件任意分配钢骨部分和钢筋混凝土部分承担的轴力,并分别求得相应各部分的受弯承载力,两部分受弯承载力之和的最大值,即为钢骨混凝土柱在该轴力下的受弯承载力。本文针对工程中常用的对称配筋形式,推导出解析解,解决了直接采用一般叠加方法计算钢骨混凝土柱正截面承载力反复试算的困难,讨论了钢骨部分和钢筋混凝土部分所承担轴力比例的影响因素,并在大量计算分析的基础上,提出了简化的计算方法,为一般叠加方法的工程应用提供了理论基础和简捷的计算方法。     

信息认知逻辑及理论

本文主要探讨信息论跨学科发展的基本问题、理论和方法。通过分析Shannon测度,得出:‘划分’是获取信息的依据和根本方法。利用连续划分由离散信源熵推导连续信源熵。可消除logΔ→∞的矛盾。通过讨论模糊划分,得到划分的信息客观度和信息散失度;定量解决了正确选择‘划分’的问题。针对Shannon信源和划分的缺陷,本文提出了普适划分。从而可以认知信源输出的语法信息和语义识别信息;并且证明:Shannon信息是后者的近似。对先验知识不足的信源,用灰色信源描述。灰熵、灰信息作为熵和信息的估计;并用感知度δ_k定量描述了它们的接近程度,     

清华校训与通才教育

当年清华国学研究院的梁启超先生提出以“自强不息 ,厚德载物”作为清华校训。从此 ,这一校训激励了一代又一代清华人自强不息 ,朝着品学兼优的方向发展。在“通识为本 ,专识为末”的通才教育思想指导下 ,清华为国家造就了一大批栋梁之才。今天我们通过对清华校训及清华教育宗旨的进一步领悟 ,来探讨通才教育的真谛 ,探讨今天大学及大学教育的真正意义 ,无疑有助于我们搞好高等教育事业     

数字化时代的书卷——厦门理工学院图文信息中心及办公中心构思

文章整理了设计厦门理工学院图文信息中心及办公中心的构思,解析数字时代文化建筑的个性缘由。提出建筑师应深刻的解读建筑所处环境,对建筑形体的推敲、对材料的合理选择和运用,通过细部的构造物质手段,构筑建筑内外匀质空间。