高稳高效海上风电安装平台关键制造技术研究

海上风电作为可再生清洁能源之一,受到世界各国的高度重视与大力发展。我国将海上风电提升至解决能源危机、减缓气候变化、调整能源结构的国家战略高度,到2030年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降65%以上,非化石能源占一次能源消费比重将达到25%左右。安装平台不足将是我国海上风电场无法如期建成投产的主要障碍。对自升自航式海上风电安装平台系列高端装备及其设计制造的三大技术难题——腿站立作业易“失稳”、大平台大跨距大倾覆力矩自升易“失控”、高空吊装巨型叶片逾百螺栓精准定位易“失准”,以及焊缝缺陷修复和局部裂纹损伤的激光锻造修复再制造进行了介绍,研制的具有不同规格的系列装备在中国、英国、丹麦、德国等国家的著名海上风电场建设应用情况良好。     

Effects of choline chloride on the ruminal microbiome at 2 dietary neutral detergent fiber concentrations in continuous culture

Our objective was to evaluate the effects of unprotected choline chloride (Cho) on the ruminal microbiome at 2 dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. We hypothesized that the effects of Cho on ruminal bacterial populations would depend on NDF. Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermentors were arranged in a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square as a 2 × 2 factorial with the following treatments: (1) 30% NDF-control (30% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); (2) 30% NDF-Cho (30% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter); (3) 40% NDF-control (40% NDF diet, no supplemental choline); and (4) 40% NDF-Cho (40% NDF diet plus 1.9 g of choline ion per kg of dry matter). We did 4 fermentation periods of 10 d each and used the last 3 d for collection of samples of solid and liquid digesta effluents for DNA extraction. Overall, 32 solid and 32 liquid samples were analyzed by amplification of the V4 variable region of bacterial 16S rRNA. Data were analyzed with R (R Project for Statistical Computing) and SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) to determine effects of Cho, NDF, and NDF × Cho on taxa relative abundance. The correlation of propionate molar proportion with taxa relative abundance was also analyzed. At the phylum level, relative abundance of Firmicutes in the liquid fraction tended to be greater when Cho was supplemented with a 30% NDF diet. At the order level, Cho increased Coriobacteriales in solid fraction and decreased Fibrobacterales in liquid fraction. Moreover, Cho decreased abundance of Clostridiales and increased Selenomonadales in the solid fraction, only with the 30% NDF diet. For genera, lower abundance of Pseudobutyrivibrio resulted from Cho in solid and liquid fractions. Greater abundance of Succinivibrio in solid and Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid resulted from Cho with the 30% NDF diet. Propionate molar proportion was positively correlated with relative abundance of order Selenomonadales in solid and liquid fractions, and with genus Succinivibrio in solid and genera Selenomonas and Selenomonas 1 in liquid. Our results indicate that Cho primarily decreases abundance of bacteria involved in fiber degradation and increases abundance of bacteria mainly involved in nonstructural carbohydrate degradation and synthesis of propionate, particularly when a diet with 30% NDF is provided.     

在轨维修后端模块接口机构的研究

在轨维修可以大大的延长空间科学仪器的使用寿命,节省大量的经济成本。为了实现空间望远镜后端模块的在轨操作和更换,设计了一套与之对应的接口机构,能够解决在轨快速定位与安装。根据321运动学定位准则,详细介绍了该接口机构的内部组成和工作原理;然后把该接口机构与后端模块进行组件级有限元仿真,仿真结果表明一阶模态远高于整机基频可以有效地避免发射时候的共振;设计了一套平面内的工装来模拟后端模块,利用等效质量法对整个机构进行重力卸载;搭建实验平台,利用激光跟踪仪来测量整个后端模块的重复定位安装精度,实验数据表明,X,Y,Z 3个方向的重复平移定位误差分别为±5.58μm,±3.24μm及±3.63μm,优于总体指标±10μm;热实验结果表明整个机构可以完全释放由于温度变化产生的形变,具有很高的热稳定性;使入射光线和靶面的相对位置持续稳定,保证了较高的成像质量。为其他空间在轨维护装置提供强有力的参考价值。     

A PV installation framework concerning electricity variable rates

This paper assesses building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation parameters based on the profit generated by a photovoltaic system. It takes into consideration a home building case study and it investigates its monthly energy demand based on a specific location and a typical occupancy. The capability of a photovoltaic (PV) system to generate more profit occurs when solar intensity is maximum while the electric energy price is at its highest rate. The paper traces a framework that encompasses different aspects such as energy demand, energy price, and solar intensity. This framework identifies profit alternatives according to different installation parameters. A tool that predicts a PV installation hourly electric energy production is developed. The profit generated is simulated for home buildings located in Beirut (Lebanon) and Xihua (China), both at 33.8° latitude north. The paper highlights a new approach for BIPV installations, taking into account weather conditions, energy demand, and electric energy utility rates.     

滚筒采煤机截齿安装角的角位特性分析

截齿截割安装角直接影响着滚筒采煤机工作时的截割阻力,因此准确安装截齿方位非常重要。介绍了该安装角在滚筒上的空间位置,建立了安装角与滚筒以及截齿空间参数之间的数学模型,分析了截齿安装时的几何约束特性。     

主井井塔双梁吊钩桥式起重机安装

曲江矿井主井井塔+54m平台上,需安装1台Gm=32/5T型电动双梁吊钩桥式起重机。由于吊装高度较高,空间狭小,井塔封屋顶面期间,在屋顶面预留400mm×400mm小孔,作为+46m平台的提升吊装孔;在屋顶面中间预留600mm×600mm小孔,作为+54m平台吊装孔。吊装时,先吊装左梁,再吊装右梁,小车正好落在组装好的左、右梁轨道上;然后将起重机推到机房中间位置,进行调试,完成安装。     

建筑电气工程中低压配电系统的安装与调试

低压配电系统对建筑电气工程是非常重要的，本文对其安装做论述，针对各种建筑物对配电的要求，对系统做合理的调试，最终实现建筑实体安全用电，同时也确保低压配电系统的稳定性。     

Availability growth models and verification of power equipment

The general availability growth models for large scale complicated repairable system such as electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are presented. The calculation formulas for the maintenance coefficient, mathematical expressions for general availability growth models, ways for estimating, and fitting on checking the parameters of the model are introduced. Availability growth models for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are given together with verification examples for availability growth models of 320–1000 MW nuclear power units and 1000 MW thermal power units, 200–1000 MW power station auxiliaries, and 220–500 kV transmission and distribution installations. The verification results for operation availability data show that the maintenance coefficients for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, transmission and distribution installations conform to the power function, and general availability growth models conform to rules of availability growth tendency of power equipment.     

里程计辅助的高精度车载GNSS/INS组合导航系统

针对城市隧道、偏远山区等复杂路况下,卫星导航系统信号被遮挡较严重或无卫星导航系统信号的场景中,车载GNSS/INS组合导航系统精度下降的问题,提出一种里程计辅助的高精度车载GNSS/INS组合导航方法。该方法中的组合滤波模式可根据载车环境变化在GNSS/INS组合模式和DR/INS组合模式间实现自适应切换,该组合导航方法将三维里程计航位推算位置误差作为状态量扩充到常规组合导航滤波器中,里程计的标度因数误差、安装角误差可通过里程计误差标定方法离线精确得到,后续使用只需将里程计误差参数装订到组合导航系统中即可。车载试验表明,7 km的信号遮挡场景下组合导航系统单个方向上的位置误差最大值也不大于8 m,整个跑车过程中位置误差在3 m以内,进一步保证了车载GNSS/INS组合导航系统复杂路况下的高精度定位。     

由工程施工导致的自动化仪表失准案例分析

本文针对案例进行分析,提出一些刚投入使用的自动化仪表出现不合格现象,而这些不合格的原因不是出厂时就存在的,而是由于自动化仪表安装人员在安装过程中没有严格执行自动化仪表工程施工及质量验收规范和相应产品使用说明书的要求所导致的,是完全可以避免的。