超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强中空蜂窝模压复合材料性能研究

为研制车船等壳体所用的轻质、高强复合板材,选用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维纱,制备成单层经纬为120根/(10 cm)的平纹组织,采用多组经纱持续更替交织层的方法制成2L(1+0)型、4L(2+1)型、6L(3+2)型3种多层角联锁结构织物,采用扦插芯棒、模压成型方法制成菱形蜂窝状的热固性环氧树脂基中空板,并与2块真空吸液法制成的面板组成“三合一”复合板,同时测定了复合板材的结构特征及其平拉、平压和弯曲性能。结果表明:3种类型复合板的密度均远小于水的密度,其中6L(3+2)型最小,为0.48 g/cm³;复合板层数越多,环氧树脂越难渗透尤其是在中空板菱形交叉点处,复合板平拉、平压、抗弯曲强度则呈现递增,制成的6L(3+2)型复合板试样平压强度可达到1.03 MPa。     

A novel multi-objective optimization method: Input values effect on responses (IVER)

In this study, a novel multi-objective optimization method based on the best effect of unique input (independent variable) values on responses (dependent variables) was proposed. The proposed method was compared with optimization using Derringer & Suich function that is still the most used. The comparison was made using the response values measured in real experiments and available in the literature. The advantages of the proposed method such as not needing the polynomial model aiming to predict the response values, no parameter selection problem, being able to offer optimum range instead of single optimum value, being suitable for use with existing experimental designs and being simple and interpretable were demonstrated as a result of comparison. It was also suggested how the proposed method will be effective according to experimental designs, and application for the users' application was presented.     

2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的合成及热裂解分析

以D-果糖和L-天冬氨酸单钾盐为原料合成了2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、 1H核磁共振（nuclear magnetic resonance，NMR）、13C NMR和高分辨率质谱技术进行结构表征。应用热重-微商 热重和在线裂解气相色谱/质谱联用技术分别研究了2-L-天冬氨酸-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖的热失重和热裂解行为。采用 1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl，DPPH）自由基清除法和还原能力法对其体外抗氧化活性进 行测定。结果表明：合成产物为目标化合物；目标化合物的裂解温度为187.8 ℃，700 ℃时总失重达到91.26%；目 标化合物裂解产物的数量随温度的升高而增多，裂解产物包括杂环类、酮类、羧酸类、醛类、酚类、烯烃类、醇类 和芳烃类等化合物，裂解产物表现出烘焙香、甜香、焦甜香、可可香、花香和奶香等香韵；目标产物具有较强的 DPPH自由基清除能力和还原能力，是一种潜在的抗氧化剂。     

不同分子量聚乙烯吡咯烷酮对四氢呋喃水合物形成及生长的影响

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(以下简称PVP)作为一种抑制能力较强、应用较成熟的水合物动力学抑制剂(以下简称KHIs),一直是国内外学者关注和研究的焦点,但对于不同分子量PVP对水合物形成的影响情况还存在着争议。为此,在常压、变温条件下进行了四氢呋喃(以下简称THF)水合物形成模拟实验,研究了相同加量条件下、不同分子量的PVP对THF水合物形成及生长的影响,并从宏观现象、介观结构和微观机制3个层面对影响机理进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:(1)对于THF水合物的形成,PVP的抑制能力随分子量的增大逐渐增强;(2)对于THF水合物的生长,PVP分子量介于8 000~58 000时,抑制效果较接近且相对较弱,但抑制作用稳定,PVP分子量介于270 000~1 500 000时,在THF水合物生长初始阶段PVP的抑制效果较好,但整个实验过程THF水合物形成的平均速率相对较快,且PVP分子量越大这一现象越明显;(3)PVP的存在增强了THF水合物聚集体的聚集强度。结论认为,该研究成果对于KHIs的研发和实际应用均具有较重要的参考价值。     

岩溶城市(贵阳市)水资源可持续利用评价研究

为研究贵阳市水资源可持续利用评价问题,基于DPSIR模型构建贵阳市水资源可持续利用评价指标体系,运用熵权法与综合指数模型测算2001~2015年贵阳市水资源可持续利用综合指数,并以障碍度模型对影响水资源可持续利用的障碍因子进行诊断。结果表明,2001~2015年,除压力指数外,驱动力、状态、影响、响应和综合指数均呈波动上升的趋势;可持续利用类型可划分为失调(2001~2006年)和协调(2007~2013年)两个阶段;人均GDP、万元GDP耗水量、森林覆盖率、三产增加值占GDP比重、生活污水处理率为5大影响贵阳市水资源可持续利用的重要因素。研究结果为贵阳市水资源可持续利用提供指导。     

保健食品标准中重(装)量差异指标的分析及应用

近年来, 保健食品注册和备案技术指引要求保健食品制剂制订重量差异或装量差异指标, 如片剂等剂型应制订重量差异指标, 胶囊剂等剂型应制订装量差异指标, 以替代原先对包装食品通用的净含量与负偏差指标。在执行过程中, 检测机构众多检验结果显示有不少生产企业可能未能完全理解重量差异和装量差指标的具体分析算法和应用细节要求, 导致抽检结果与生产企业出厂检验结果不一致的情况。本文着重对重量差异和装量差异测定方法的质控目的、限度设定、计算与判定方法等进行详细解读, 以帮助相关企业更好地理解重量差异和装量差异的指标特性和分析应用要点, 阐明重量差异和装量差异指标与包装食品通用的净含量与负偏差指标的不同, 使规范制订保健食品标准并正确执行分析检验。     

Hybrid self-inertia weight adaptive particle swarm optimisation with local search using C4.5 decision tree classifier for feature selection problems

ABSTRACT

Feature selection is an important task to improve the classifier’s accuracy and to decrease the problem size. A number of methodologies have been presented for feature selection problems using metaheuristic algorithms. In this paper, an improved self-adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimisation with local search and combined with C4.5 classifiers for feature selection algorithm is proposed. In this proposed algorithm, the gradient base local search with its capacity of helping to explore the feature space and an improved self-adaptive inertia weight particle swarm optimisation with its ability to converge a best global solution in the search space. Experimental results have verified that the SIW-APSO-LS performed well compared with other state of art feature selection techniques on a suit of 16 standard data sets.     

基于变压器最优漏磁信息的绕组变形分类方法

为了判别电力变压器绕组变形状况,提出一种基于最优漏磁信息及多层聚类编码和最优权重译码的ECOC分类器对变压器绕组变形分类的方法,首先利用多层聚类算法构建最优ECOC编码矩阵,然后通过最优权重译码算法对分类器输出进行译码得出变压器绕组具体变形类别,建立变压器绕组二维漏磁场有限元模型,计算得出绕组可能出现的变形形式和绕组区域变形前后的磁感应强度值数据,从而得出磁感应强度测量点;最后利用所建立模型得出的绕组变形数据进行仿真判别。结果表明,所建立的分类器在绕组变形判别时具有较高的准确性,可用于变压器绕组变形类型的检测。     

Fetal metacarpal/metatarsal bone thickness as possible predictor of dystocia in Holstein cows

Dystocia and perinatal calf mortality cause significant economic losses in the dairy cattle industry. Despite advanced ultrasound examination procedures, there is no reliable method to estimate the birth weight of calves in order to predict, prepartum, the risk of dystocia. The aim of this study was to predict calf birth weight and dystocia based on transrectal ultrasonographic (TRUS) examinations in late-term Holstein heifers and cows. Therefore, TRUS examination was performed on 128 animals that were between 265 and 282 d of gestation to measure the bone thickness of the fetal metacarpus (MC) or metatarsus (MT). Fetal TRUS measurements were successful in 104 cases. Excluding twin deliveries, 97 fetal MC/MT bone thicknesses were measured and the mean (±SD) MC/MT thickness was 2.54 ± 0.37 cm. A novel index, the metacarpal/metatarsal index [MCTI = maternal body weight (kg)/fetal MC or MT thickness (cm)], was also calculated to study its association with calving ease. The average MCTI was 257.3 kg/cm in the studied population. A lower MCTI was associated with the risk of dystocia with an odds ratio of 2.074 that was not significantly different from 1 (95% confidence interval: 0.002–11.104). Fetal presentation, fetal age, fetal sex, body condition score of the dam, age of dam, and intercoxal and interischiadic distances were not related to dystocia. A fair phenotypic correlation (0.226) was found between MC/MT thickness and calf birth weight. The genetic correlation between MC/MT thickness and calf birth weight was 0.235. Our results indicate that late-term measurement of the fetal MC/MT bone thickness by means of TRUS examination augmented with the MCTI may have clinical significance in the prediction of dystocia in Holstein cattle. Because the odds ratio for dystocia based on MCTI determination was not significant, the applied technique should be improved based on further studies on prepartum TRUS examinations combined with dam pelvic measurements.