氧肟酸基团含量高的改性絮凝剂制备及应用

以高分子量聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)为原料,合成了聚丙烯酰胺改性氧肟酸型絮凝剂产品(HPAM)。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱分析(FT-IR)证实了该产品中氧肟酸基团的存在。用电导滴定法与凯氏定氮法相结合,测得该产品中氧肟酸基团含量高达46%,羧基含量23%。用针铁矿含量高的合成拜耳法赤泥浆料研究了该絮凝剂产品添加量对针铁矿含量高的赤泥沉降分离效果影响。结果表明,该絮凝剂产品对于该针铁矿含量高的赤泥具有良好的沉降分离效果,与美国氰特公司产品Hx-600的赤泥沉降效果基本相当。     

新型聚乙烯烧结膜微滤设备及其在硬质合金磨削液集中净化处理中的应用

介绍了新型聚乙烯(PE)烧结膜微滤设备的结构和性能特点及其工作原理和技术参数.在工业生产过程中分别采用PE烧结膜微滤设备和无机陶瓷膜微滤设备集中净化处理硬质合金水基磨削液.结果表明,在40 m3/h过滤流量和1 μm过滤精度下,PE烧结膜微滤设备只须采用简单的"终端过滤+反吹/反洗"防污堵措施,就能保证连续运行3个月而不出现流量衰减迹象.与无机陶瓷膜微滤设备相比,PE烧结膜微滤设备更具经济性和环保性,完全能满足硬质合金磨削液集中净化处理的要求.     

β-衣康酸单甲酯功能单体的合成研究

以衣康酸和无水甲醇为原料,酸性催化下酯化合成β-衣康酸单甲酯。选用苯甲酰氯作催化剂,苯和石油醚的混合溶剂作重结晶溶剂,大大提高了β-衣康酸单甲酯的收率,在此基础上优化了物料配比、反应温度、反应时间等条件,得到β-衣康酸单甲酯的优惠合成条件,最终使β-衣康酸单甲酯收率达98%。用FTIR和1HNMR对产物结构进行了表征。     

磺化酚酞型聚醚砜/改性蒙脱土纳米复合膜的研究

用季胺盐改性蒙脱土和磺化酚酞型聚醚砜首次制得了磺化酚酞型聚醚砜/改性蒙脱土纳米复合质子交换膜,并用1H NMR、SEM、FT-IR等分析手段对其进行了表征,测定了复合膜的质子导电率.研究结果表明:改性蒙脱土以纳米颗粒形式分散于磺化酚酞型聚醚砜聚合物基体中;在相同测试温度下,磺化酚酞型聚醚砜/改性蒙脱土纳米复合质子交换膜的质子电导率随着改性蒙脱土含量增加而增加,添加10%(wt)改性蒙脱土的复合质子交换膜,在80℃下的质子电导率为8.53×10-4S/cm.     

Dissolution mechanism and solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-(NH4)2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K简

The dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system at 298.15 K was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis. The results show that hemimorphite is soluble in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system and its residue exists in the form of an amorphous SiO2 layer on the hemimorphite surface. The XPS data also indicate that the Si 2p3/2 and O ls spectra of the hemimorphite are broadened and shift to higher binding energies and their binding energies are closer to silica with an increase of total ammonia and time. Solubility of hemimorphite in NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O system was measured by means of isothermal solution method at 298.15 K based on the study of the dissolution mechanism of hemimorphite. The results show that the solubility of zinc in solution increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of cr（NH3） （total ammonia concentration） at different NH3/NH4^＋ ratios. The solubility of silicon in solution decreases from 0.0334 mol/kg in ct（NH3）-4.1245 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution to 0.0046 mol/kg in cT（NH3）=7.6035 mol/kg NH3-（NH4）2SO4-H2O solution.     

The Effects of Oxidative Pretreatment of Zinc-containing Dust on Contents of Iron and Manganese in Ammoniacal Leaching Solution and Product ion of Zinc Oxide

The zinc-containing dust was oxidatively pretreated with calcium hypochlorite,subsequently leached with ammonia/ammonium bicarbonate solution to obtain the ammoniacal leaching solution,and zinc oxide was produced by ammonia distillation of the ammoniacal leaching solution and subsequent calcination. The elements of iron and manganese could not be detected in ammoniacal leaching solution,and the extraction rate of zinc was 98.2% in ammoniacal leaching process. The zinc oxide content in the product is 99.5%(ω),and the contents of iron and manganese in the product were 0.002 8‰ and 0.000 84‰(ω), respectively. The analyses of the valence states of iron and manganese in the zinc-containing dust with and without pretreatment were performed by chemical analysis and XPS,and the possible oxidation mechanism of the oxidative pretreatment of the dust was discussed. It is concluded that Fe 2+-oxide and Mn 2+-oxide in the dust were oxidized to Fe 3+-oxide and/or its hydrate and Mn 4+-oxide and/or its hydrate by calcium hypochlorite during the oxidative pretreatment process,respectively.     

虚拟数控车削加工物理仿真技术研究

数控加工物理仿真是CAD/CAM领域的重要研究内容。文章面向数控车削,介绍了物理仿真研究的现状和内容,提出了数控仿真系统的体系结构和建模方法,建立了切削力、振动等方面的数学模型,并就物理仿真系统的发展进行了讨论。     

AMPY-1用于镍电解阳极液净化除铜的研究

以实验室自制的二元胺类化合物AMPY-1为萃取剂,研究了水相pH、氯离子浓度、硫酸根离子浓度对铜镍金属离子分配比的影响,测定了单一金属溶液的铜镍分离系数,模拟了镍电解液的除铜效果。结果表明,增加水相pH和氯离子浓度有利于铜离子的萃取,而增加水相硫酸根离子浓度则不利于铜离子的萃取;在pH 4、相比O/A为1∶1、(25!1)℃萃取10min,氯化铜与氯化镍、氯化铜与硫酸镍的铜镍分离系数分别为2 027和716;针对氯盐体系和氯盐—硫酸盐混合体系模拟镍电解液,在相比O/A=1∶1、(25!1)℃下萃取10min,其除铜后液含铜分别为1.1 mg/L和1.8 mg/L;按相比O/A=1∶5、(25!1)℃经3级半逆流萃取后,由氯盐体系和氯盐—硫酸盐混合体系得到的负载有机相,其铜镍质量比分别为156和45,均满足镍电解液深度净化除铜的要求。     

TBP对有机胺协萃体系萃镍性能的影响

选取一种自制有机胺和协萃剂的复配萃取体系从红土镍矿模拟硫酸浸出液中回收镍,考察了各组分比例、改性剂TBP加入量、萃取剂总浓度、萃取时间、萃取温度等对镍的萃取率、除杂率、萃取分相时间及反萃分相时间的影响。结果表明,TBP的加入能极大缩短反萃分相时间,同时对除杂率与萃取分相时间没有太大影响,镍饱和萃取容量略有降低。当萃取剂各组分摩尔浓度为有机胺∶协萃剂∶改性剂=0.9mol/L∶0.45mol/L∶0.9mol/L时,镍饱和萃取容量达6.9g/L。萃取温度的升高有利于缩短萃取分相时间,但是镍的萃取率略有下降。在萃取相比O/A=1/2、30℃萃取20min时,镍的5级逆流萃取率可达98%以上。     

碱法造纸黑液制备钻井泥浆降滤失剂

以碱法造纸黑液为主要原料 ,经过一步合成工艺制备钻井泥浆降滤失剂。最佳的合成条件为m(浓缩黑液 ) m(甲醇 ) m(苯酚 ) m(Na2 SO3) =1 0 0 1 5 5 4 ,反应时间为 3～ 3 5h,温度为 95～ 1 0 0℃。在产品中加入适量的六次甲基四胺可以起到固化剂的作用。