在建水电工程安全文化示范企业创建的实践

澜沧江公司在建施工工程较多,由于人的违章行为导致的物的不安全状态,如违章摆放的施工用具或设备、未经许可的擅自作业行为、未采取保护措施的作业行为等也是客观存在的,随着经济的发展,设备的本质安全水平不断提升,作业环境也逐步得到改善。但是,水电施工的安全风险仍无处不在,居高不下,设备的本质安全和作业环境的改善只能解决一部分问题,最终归结点仍在人的不安全行为上。因此,安全文化的推行是水电建设安全管理上台阶的最重要手段,也是实现本质安全的根本方法。     

安全信用评价在乌弄龙、里底水电工程建设中的应用

近年来澜沧江公司对安全生产工作采取了强有力手段,安全生产基础不断夯实。如何将安全工作推进更深的层次,如何把控"准入关",将信用评价纳入安全生产不失为一个行之有效的方式。安全信用评价是建立水电工程施工安全信用体系的重要手段,能够促进整体行业安全管理水平的提升。     

A FRAMEWORK FOR CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT APPLIED TO A UK WATER RESOURCE PROBLEM

Climate risk management is a new and evolving area and many decisions are likely to be affected by climate risks over the long-term. This paper presents a decision-making framework designed for managing climate alongside nonclimate risk factors. The framework describes a process that should help identify and manage these risks. It can be used to help decision-makers answer questions about whether adaptation is required, and, if so, which measures should be implemented. Adaptive management is recommended as a useful approach for dealing with climate and other uncertainties. This paper describes an application of the framework to a water resources case study. Feedback from training workshops based on four different case studies suggests the framework provides at minimum a useful (post-hoc) decision analysis tool. Potential users, who include planners, consultants and policy-makers have been largely positive about the prospective utility of the framework.     

Environmental Implications of Treatment of Coastal Sewage Discharges

The environmental implications of implementing the requirement for treatment of coastal sewage prior to discharge, which were put forward in an EC draft Directive on municipal waste-water treatment, are examined. In order to establish the current situation, the results of a national survey of coastal and estuarine sewage discharges are presented. A review of the impact of sewage discharges on the marine environment is presented in conjunction with an assessment of the impact of sewage-treatment processes on the land and in the air. These aspects are integrated into overall conclusions about net environmental impact. Finally, a decision-tree approach to the assignment of priority to additional action required at individual locations is developed.     

Impacts of Sewers on Groundwater Quality

This paper summarizes the findings of a recent research project on groundwater contamination from leaking sewers, which was completed for the Construction Industry Research and Information Association. Fifty-four incidents were identified in England and Wales from a combined questionnaire survey and literature review. In addition to recorded incidents, the poor quality of many urban groundwaters suggests some effects from leaking sewers. Age is considered to be the most significant characteristic governing leakage from sewers; ground conditions (predominantly aquifer vulnerability) and usage (private versus public ownership) are also important factors relating to the likelihood of groundwater pollution from leaking sewers. Recommended strategies for reducing groundwater contamination include (a) modification of existing criteria for the service performance grading of existing sewers, (b) improved construction of new sewers in appropriate areas, (c) increased groundwater monitoring, and (d) risk assessments for new groundwater sources.     

DERIVING UNIT HYDROGRAPHS FOR SMALL CATCHMENTS

An examination of 190 storm events in seventeen small Northern Ireland catchments, along lines developed by the UK Institute of Hydrology, shows that the time-to-peak of the instantaneous unit hydrograph can be estimated from catchment characteristics and from the time between the centroid of mass of a flood-producing rainfall event and of the resulting peak flow, but that equations calibrated on British data overestimate the time-to-peak. This might be due to the distinctive hydrology of Northern Ireland.     

电极对加速氯离子透过水泥石性能的影响

本文研究了加速氯离子渗透过水泥石试验中铜电极和不锈钢对试验结果的影响;研究表明：铜电极在试验过程中腐蚀严重,产生大量沉淀物,导致阳极溶液中氯离子浓度和通过试件电流值的测量结果偏小;不锈钢电极在试验过程中表面有轻微点蚀,底部腐蚀较严重,同时也产生沉淀物,致使测量结果偏小,但效果好于铜电极.