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1.
文章从洗涤性能、环境和成本方面,阐述了生物酶能够优化洗涤剂配方的可能性。鉴于新兴市场愈发受人瞩目,且液体洗涤剂正经历高速增长,因此研究重点放在面向亚太市场的液体洗涤产品。结果表明,使用酶作为表面活性剂的替代品可以提升去污效果、让洗涤剂更绿色,且不会导致成本增加。原因在于,酶的使用量要比它所替代的表面活性剂少得多,而酶的生产和使用对气候和水环境的影响也相对少得多。  相似文献   
2.
为解决非对称断面钢轨镦粗时的波浪变形问题,设计了局部镦粗成套装置,利用已有的锻造生产线,有效地控制了非对称断面钢轨镦粗时产生的失稳和轨肢波浪变形,减少了模具更换次数;同时,设计的镦粗测量和显示装置,可精确控制镦粗量,保证镦粗成形质量稳定。经实物验证,采用本装置及工艺,单根镦粗时间由原工艺的60 min降低至8 min,效率提高了7倍以上;镦粗钢轨一次合格率达100%,较原工艺合格率提高了3倍以上。利用已有的锻造生产线,减少了设备投入,降低了投资成本,在工艺布局上可以减少镦粗工序的生产区域,优化了车间的工艺布局。最后,通过实物验证了方案可行性,并确定了工艺参数,可用于指导实际生产。  相似文献   
3.
Two types of spherical zirconyl oxalate aqueous sols were successfully customized by a reverse micelles-mediated aqueous sol-gel process, and the sols were sequentially spin-coated on porous supports to prepare ZrO2 loose/tight bilayer ultrafiltration membranes. After three times of spin-coating process, a defect-free ZrO2 loose ultrafiltration membrane with pure water permeability of 110.5 ± 2.25 L m?2 h-1 bar-1, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 16.5 kDa and excellent rejection of up to 97.5 % for bovine serum albumin was fabricated. Then, the loose ultrafiltration membrane was used as a substrate to prepare ZrO2 tight ultrafiltration membrane. Performances of tight ultrafiltration membrane regarding to permeability, retention of polyethylene glycol and treatment of dyes wastewater were evaluated. The tight ultrafiltration membrane with a thickness of 200 nm exhibited a pure water permeability of 22.5 ± 0.3 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 and MWCO of 1150 Da. Additionally, the rejections of methyl red and methyl orange by the tight ultrafiltration membrane were both <65 %, while of alizarin red, direct red, bromocresol green and methyl blue achieved maximum values of 98.5 %, 99.2 %, 99.5 % and 99.6 %, respectively. The fouled membranes could restore the virgin performance for reuse by cleaning and low-temperature calcination.  相似文献   
4.
Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils - When a reservoir is subjected to long-term water and polymer flooding, the formed preferential flow paths are widely distributed in the formation, and...  相似文献   
5.
High loadings of fillers are usually needed to achieve high-thermal conductivity (TC) of polymer-based composites, which inevitably sacrifices processability and meanwhile causes high-cost. Therefore, it is of great significance to achieve high-TC composites under low-filler loading. Here, a novel p-phenylenediamine (PPD) modified expanded graphite (EG-PPD)/epoxy (EP) composite with high TC and low-filler content was successfully prepared via pre-dispersion and vacuum assisted mixing strategy. With the improved interfacial compatibility between EG and EP by PPD, the prepared EG-PPD/EP composite exhibited excellent thermal management performance, resulting in the TC of which reached 4.00 W·m−1·K−1 with only 10 wt% (5.59 vol%) of EG-PPD, which is approximately 19 times higher than that of pure EP. Meantime, the interface thermal resistance of EG-PPD/EP composite between EG-PPD and EP is reduced by 33% compared with EG/EP composite. This composite with excellent TC property is expected to be used in thermal management field.  相似文献   
6.
Alumina platelets were arranged horizontally in submicron alumina particles by shear force in the flow of slurries during casting. The obtained alumina green bodies with platelets were pressureless-sintered in vacuum, producing ceramics with thoroughly oriented grains and high transmittance. The effects of sintering parameters on the densification, microstructure evolution, and orientation degree of alumina ceramics were investigated and discussed. The results showed that the densification, grain size, orientation degree, and in-line transmittance were increased with increasing sintering temperature. The enhancement of orientation degree was mainly coherent with grain growth. The grain-oriented samples exhibited a much higher in-line transmittance (at 600 nm) of 61 % than that of the grain random sample (29 %). Moreover, the transmission remained a high level in the ultraviolet range (<300 nm).  相似文献   
7.
程文静  余林  程高  钟远红  郑成  毛桃嫣 《化工学报》2021,72(5):2837-2848
以1,3-二(3-缩水甘油醚丙基)-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷(EDH)和八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料合成了端环氧硅油(ETSO),以ETSO为原料与葡甲胺胺化得到中间体有机硅嵌段硅油(PTSO),然后用γ-氯丙基三甲氧基硅烷(CPTSO)季铵化改性制备了Bola有机硅季铵盐(BPTSO)。BPTSO的季铵化过程最优合成工艺条件为:反应温度为80℃,物料摩尔比为n(PTSO)∶n(CPTSO)=1∶1.2,反应时间为3 h,PTSO转化率达98.60%。通过FT-IR、1H NMR、TGA、TEM对BPTSO的结构及BPTSO乳液整理后织物的微观形貌进行了表征。测试结果表明:BPTSO乳液的表面张力γ 为29.4 mN/m,临界胶束浓度CMC为0.036 mmol/L,具有囊泡结构和优越的稳定性,经BPTSO乳液整理后的棉织物具有优异的柔软度、白度及亲水性,当BPTSO乳液的用量为60 g/L时,对棉织物的增深率可达到46.5%。  相似文献   
8.
为了提高带吊挂负载的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪性能,设计了一种双模糊滑模控制器,在削弱抖振的基础上自适应调节所构建滑模面的斜率.仿真结果表明,双模糊滑模控制器优化了快速性指标;跟踪控制调整时间有所减少;对速度跟踪的稳态误差有一个良好的控制效果,该策略的有效性和稳定性得到了验证.  相似文献   
9.
Improving the piezoelectric activity of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics is of great importance for practical applications. In this study, the influence of Pr3+ doping on the ferroelectric phase composition, microstructure, and electric properties on the A-site of (Pb1-1.5xPrx)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 is extensively investigated. A dense and fine microstructural sample is obtained with the introduction of Pr3+. The results show that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) moves to the rhombohedral phase region. The rhombohedral and tetragonal phases exhibit an ideal coexistence in the 4 mol.% Pr3+ doped (PPZT4) samples. Lead vacancy and the reduction of the potential energy barrier are considered to be the key mechanisms for donor doping, which is upheld by the Pr3+ doping. Combining the I-E hysteresis loops with the P-E hysteresis loops, it becomes apparent that both contribution maximums of the domain switching and residual polarisation are in PPZT4. Moreover, the thermal aging resistance of PZT is improved by doping, and the temperature stability is optimised from 83% in PZT to 96% in PPZT4. Hence, an appropriate amount of Pr3+ doping can effectively improve the piezoelectric activity of PZT ceramics in the MPB area and optimise the performance stability of the material under application temperatures.  相似文献   
10.
Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as an organic–inorganic hybrid at a molecular level, has excellent mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, dielectric properties and so on. In recent decades, POSS has been extensively used in modification of various polymers to prepare nanocomposites with enhanced comprehensive performances. Biomass materials such as chitosan, cellulose, silk protein, collagen fibers and gelatin have excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which have been widely used in the fields such as biomedical, innovative environmental protection and so on. However, deficiencies including insufficient mechanical properties and rapid rate of biodegradation hampered their application. This paper briefly introduced the principal methods to synthesize POSS nanoparticles, and then focused on technologies for preparing biomass-based composites utilizing diverse functional POSSs. Finally, put forward the prospects of POSS modification technology and its future application direction. This article will have a positive guiding role for the further research and development of biomass/POSS nanocomposites.  相似文献   
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