Achieving excellent energy storage density of Pb0.97La0.02(ZrxSn0.05Ti0.95-x)O3 ceramics by the B-site modification

The applications of antiferroelectric (AFE) materials in miniaturized and integrated electronic devices are limited by their low energy density. To address the above issue, the antiferroelectricity of the reinforced material was designed to improve its AFE-ferroelectric (FE) phase transition under electric fields. In this present study, the composition of Zr⁴⁺ (0.72 Å) and Ti⁴⁺ (0.605 Å) at B-site of Pb_0.97La_0.02(Zr_xSn_0.05Ti_0.95-x)O₃ ceramics with orthogonal reflections are synthesized via the tape-casting method. These ceramics are modified to enhance their antiferroelectricity by reducing their tolerance factor. A recoverable energy storage density W_rec 12.1 J/cm³ was obtained for x = 0.93 under 376 kV/cm, which is superior value than reported until now in lead-based energy storage systems. Moreover, the discharge energy density can reach 10.23 J/cm³, and 90 % of which can be released within 5.66 μs. This work provides a new window and potential materials for further industrialization of pulse power capacitors.     

基于改进 abcd 模型的黄河源区径流变化与归因

为改进模型对高寒地区融雪径流模拟不足的缺陷，将融雪模块耦合到传统 abcd 模型。利用 1980—2018 年 逐月实测的径流数据和通过 AnuSpline 方法插值的格网气象要素，驱动改进后的abcd 模型，分析三江源生态保护 措施实施前后（1980—1999 年和 2000—2018 年）黄河源区径流的动态变化，并量化关键气象因素与人类活动对 径流变化的影响程度，即相对贡献。结果表明：耦合融雪模块的 abcd-snow 模型完善了高寒地区水文过程的模拟， 提高对径流的模拟性能，在黄河源区表现出较好的适用性；整个研究时段黄河源区的实测径流呈不显著减少趋势 （?0.80?mm/a，p>0.05），但 2000 年前径流则呈现显著下降趋势（?4.12?mm/a，p<0.05），2000 年后径流则呈显著增加 趋势（3.16?mm/a，p<0.05）；?归因分析表明气候变化是源区径流变化的主导因素。2000 年前，气候变化对径流减少 的相对贡献率为 62.8%，人类活动对径流的贡献为 37.2%；2000 年后，气候变化对径流增加的贡献率达到 120.0?%， 人类活动对径流的贡献为?20.0%。其中：降水的变化是决定径流变化主导因素；其他气候因素的相对贡献较小； 以人类活动为主的生态恢复可显著降低河川径流。本研究有助于理解气候变化和下垫面变化对黄河源区水资源 变化的系统驱动机理，并为流域水资源合理配置提供科学参考依据。     

基于图神经网络的网络性能智能预测

传统网络性能预测技术存在网络状态获取不够全面及网络性能评估准确性欠佳等问题，利用图神经网络学习推理网络关系数据的特点，结合捕获的网络全局信息，提出了一种基于图神经网络的网络性能智能预测方法。通过网络系统抽象及网络性能建模，将复杂的网络信息转化为形式化的图数据进行描述，利用图空域卷积处理图网络节点的消息传递过程，实现网络信息之间的关系推理，研究了实现网络性能预测的图神经网络模型，提出了一种能处理流量矩阵、网络拓扑、路由策略、节点配置的图神经网络体系结构，最后通过实验论证了模型能更好地实现包括时延、抖动和丢包率的网络性能的准确预测。     

Inhibiting effect of heterogeneous cations aggregation enhanced by oxygen deficiency on glass formation of BaTi2O5 melts

Although remarkable development of titanate-based glasses has been achieved, challenge remains to elucidate the correlation between structure and glass-forming properties in these systems due to their complex structure that is inconsistent with the classic Zachariasen's model. In this work, we aim to correlate the structural evolution of titanate melts to their glass-forming ability (GFA). The prototypical material barium dititanate (BaTi₂O₅, BT2) melts with different GFA were rendered by controlled melting atmospheres, and the corresponding structural changes were determined using in situ high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with empirical potential structure refinement and ab initio molecular dynamics. The results show that BT2 melt in reducing atmosphere shows poor GFA but that in oxidizing atmosphere presents good GFA. Structural analysis demonstrates the mean coordination number of [TiO_m] polyhedra is analogous in the melt under two different atmospheres but an enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation takes place in the melt under reducing atmosphere, which is closely related to oxygen-deficiencies. Furthermore, we reveal that the enhanced heterogeneous cations aggregation promotes crystallization (and therefore hinders glass formation) through disordering the distribution of [TiO_m] and [BaO_n] polyhedra, changing the connectivity between these polyhedra, creating more crystal-like Ti-Ti clusters, and decreasing topological disorder of BT2 melt. Our work provides a new viewpoint to understand the GFA of titanates melt from structural heterogeneity beyond the previous perspectives that only focus on [TiO_m] polyhedra.     

Heterogeneous Bimetallic Mo-NiPx/NiSy as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Robust Overall Water Splitting

Highly efficient electrocatalysts composed of earth-abundant elements are desired for water-splitting to produce clean and renewable chemical fuel. Herein, a heteroatomic-doped multi-phase Mo-doped nickel phosphide/nickel sulfide (Mo-NiP_x/NiS_y) nanowire electrocatalyst is designed by a successive phosphorization and sulfuration method for boosting overall water splitting (both oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (HER)) in alkaline solution. As expected, the Mo-NiP_x/NiS_y electrode possesses low overpotentials both at low and high current densities in HER, while the Mo-NiP_x/NiS_y heterostructure exhibits high active performance with ultra-low overpotentials of 137, 182, and 250 mV at the current density of 10, 100, and 400 mA cm⁻² in 1 m KOH solution, respectively, in oxygen evolution reaction. In particular, the as-prepared Mo-NiP_x/NiS_y electrodes exhibit remarkable full water splitting performance at both low and high current densities of 10, 100, and 400 mA cm⁻² with 1.42, 1.70, and 2.36 V, respectively, which is comparable to commercial electrolysis.     

高密度水基钻井液在小井眼水平井中的应用

狮49H1井位于青海油田柴达木盆地英西地区狮49井区，钻探目的是为了提高狮49井区背斜构造部位产能，扩展E₃2-V油组产能规模，进一步了解狮子沟油田E₃2油藏油气富集规律，为储量计算提供参数。三开储层井段优选BHWEI钻井液体系，解决了钻井液在小井眼高密度条件下环空压耗大、悬浮稳定性、流变性、窄窗口、抗污染能力难以控制、井控风险高等难题。完钻井井壁稳定，平均井径为159.88 mm，井径扩大率为4.9%。应用钻井液密度为2.10 g/cm3，创英西区块水平井使用钻井液密度最高记录，水平段钻进无托压现象，起下钻无阻卡，完井作业顺利，该井获高产工业油流，体系具有良好的储层保护特性。      

响应面法优化番木瓜籽蛋白质提取工艺

作为食用和工业生产的废弃物番木瓜籽,提高其蛋白质提取率,实现资源的回收利用和扩大副产品价值。以番木瓜籽为原料,使用响应面法优化碱溶酸沉法提取番木瓜籽蛋白质提取工艺。以番木瓜籽蛋白质提取率为指标,研究pH值、液料比、时间、温度对蛋白质提取率的影响。结果表明番木瓜籽蛋白质提取率最优条件为:pH 11.3、料液比1∶45(g/mL)、时间224 min、温度47.5℃,针对蛋白质提取率的模型显示失逆项不显著,R2值为94.26%,表明模型拟合良好。在此试验条件下,验证试验结果平均值为53.74%,与理论值55.21%接近。     

冻融循环对锥栗淀粉理化性质的影响

目的:本文探讨了冻融循环(以-20℃/22 h,25℃/2 h为一个循环)对锥栗淀粉理化性质的影响,旨在为锥栗淀粉改性和产品的开发利用提供理论参考。方法:以锥栗原淀粉为对照,比较了3次、7次和10次冻融淀粉的基本成分变化;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析淀粉结晶区比重;激光粒度分析仪测定淀粉的粒径分布范围;观察上清液体积变化分析淀粉糊凝沉性;快速黏度分析仪(RVA)测定淀粉糊化特性;流变仪进行剪切稀化的测定及储能模量、损耗模量分析;质构分析仪(TPA)分析淀粉凝胶质构特性。结果:与锥栗原淀粉比较,锥栗冻融淀粉的蛋白质、脂肪和直链淀粉含量降低,破损淀粉含量升高。3次、7次冻融淀粉结晶区比重、粒径分布范围逐渐减少,但10次冻融淀粉又略有回升。在70 h内,原淀粉和冻融淀粉糊均完成凝沉,冻融淀粉糊的析水率降低。冻融淀粉的成糊温度降低,峰值黏度升高,回生值升高。3次、7次冻融淀粉的储能模量均低于原淀粉,而10次冻融淀粉随着剪切应力的增加,储能模量略高于原淀粉。冻融淀粉凝胶的硬度降低,弹性和黏着性升高。结论:冻融循环对锥率淀粉理化性质影响明显,本研究结果对锥栗淀粉基食品冻融机理提供理论参考。     

铝空气电池用6061和7075铝合金阳极电化学性能

研究了工业6061铝合金（6061）、航空7075铝合金（7075）和纯铝作为铝空气电池阳极材料的电化学性能，分析其作为阳极的可行性及适用环境。进行了阻抗、极化曲线和恒电流放电实验并进行了表面表征，计算了在40～120mA/cm²电流密度下连续恒流放电的阳极能量密度。用电子探针显微镜（EPMA）对电极表面形貌进行了研究，用波谱分析仪（WDS）进行表面分析。研究结果表明，合金元素在电池放电过程中会改变阳极的表面特性。6061中合金元素含量对电池阳极材料的性能产生了积极影响，使得合金的表面放电面积变大，放电均匀，更适合作为铝空气电池阳极材料。     

Progress in Technology and Catalysts for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Type Slurry Phase Polyethylene Processes

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been widely used as materials of hollow molded articles, extrusion molded articles, films and sheets. The properties of HDPE vary depending on its application fields and processing methods thereof. Approximately 50 million tons of HDPE are produced annually around the worldwide by slurry phase processes. In this paper, the status of slurry phase polyethylene processes in China is briefly introduced. Two of the most important licensers of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) type slurry phase polyethylene processes, namely, Hostalen (Licensed by Basell), CX (Licensed by Mitsui), with a dual- or three-reactor are reviewed. The merits and demerits of the examined polyethylene production technologies are discussed in detail. Catalyst is a key of polyolefin technology. It does have an extremely close relationship with the performance of polyethylene. The characteristics and disadvantages of different catalysts for the two processes are summarized for comparison, including the PZ and RZ catalysts of Mitsui, the BCH and BCE catalysts of Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, the TH series catalysts of Basell. Some advices on the development and application of HDPE catalysts for the slurry process are proposed.