Fabrication of flexible reduced graphene oxide/Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> hollow nanospheres based on-chip micro-supercapacitors for integrated photodetecting applications

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) as important on-chip micropower sources have attracted considerable attention because of their unique and advantageous design for optimized maximum functionality within a minimized sized chip and excellent mechanical flexibility/stability in miniaturized portable electronic device applications. In this work, we report a novel, high-performance flexible integrated on-chip MSC based on hybrid nanostructures of reduced graphene oxide/Fe₂O₃ hollow nanospheres using a microelectronic photo-lithography technology combined with plasma etching technique. The unique structural design for on-chip MSCs enables high-performance enhancements compared with graphene-only devices, exhibiting high specific capacitances of 11.57 F·cm^-3 at a scan rate of 200 mV·s^-1 and excellent rate capability and robust cycling stability with capacitance retention of 92.08% after 32,000 charge/discharge cycles. Moreover, the on-chip MSCs exhibit superior flexibility and outstanding stability even after repetition of charge/discharge cycles under different bending states. As-fabricated highly flexible on-chip MSCs can be easily integrated with CdS nanowire-based photodetectors to form a highly compacted photodetecting system, exhibiting comparable performance to devices driven by conventional external energy storage units.

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The enhanced performance of piezoelectric nanogenerator via suppressing screening effect with Au particles/ZnO nanoarrays Schottky junction

This paper describes a novel strategy to weaken the piezopotential screening effect by forming Schottky junctions on the ZnO surface through the introduction of Au particles onto the surface. With this approach, the piezoelectric-energyconversion performance was greatly enhanced. The output voltage and current density of the Au@ZnO nanoarray-based piezoelectric nanogenerator reached 2 V and 1 μA/cm², respectively, 10 times higher than the output of pristine ZnO nanoarray-based piezoelectric nanogenerators. We attribute this enhancement to dramatic suppression of the screening effect due to the decreased carrier concentration, as determined by scanning Kelvin probe microscope measurements and impedance analysis. The lowered capacitance of the Au@ZnO nanoarraybased piezoelectric nanogenerator also contributes to the improved output. This work provides a novel method to enhance the performance of piezoelectric nanogenerators and possibly extends to piezotronics and piezophototronics.

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Self-powered photoelectrochemical biosensing platform based on Au NPs@ZnO nanorods array

Photoanodes, which are used in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, have been shown to be applicable in the construction of a PEC biosensing platform. This was realized by replacing water oxidization with oxidation of an appropriate test molecule. Here, we have demonstrated the feasibility of adopting photoanodes consisting of zinc oxide nanorods arrays decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles (Au NPs@ZnO NRs) for the self-powered PEC bioanalysis of glutathione (GSH) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at an applied bias potential of 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. This heterostructure exhibited enhanced PEC properties because of the introduction of the Au/ZnO interface. Under visible light illumination, hot electrons from surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) at the Au NP surface were injected into the adjacent ZnO and subsequently driven to the photocathode. Under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination, the photogenerated electrons in ZnO tended to transfer to the fluorine-doped tin oxide due to the step-wise energy band structure and the upward energy band bending at the ZnO/ electrolyte interface. These results indicate that plasmonic metal/semiconductor heterostructure photoanodes have great potential for self-powered PEC bioanalysis applications and extended field of other photovoltaic beacons.

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基于Transformer增强架构的中文语法纠错方法

语法纠错任务是自然语言处理领域的一项重要任务,近年来受到了学术界广泛关注。该任务旨在自动识别并纠正文本中所包含的语法、拼写以及语序错误等。该文将语法纠错任务看作是翻译任务,即将带有错误表达的文本翻译成正确的文本,采用基于多头注意力机制的Transformer模型作为纠错模型,并提出了一种动态残差结构,动态结合不同神经模块的输出来增强模型捕获语义信息的能力。受限于目前训练语料不足的情况,该文提出了一种数据增强方法,通过对单语语料的腐化从而生成更多的纠错数据,进一步提高模型的性能。实验结果表明,该文所提出的基于动态残差的模型增强以及腐化语料的数据增强方法对纠错性能有着较大的提升,在NLPCC 2018中文语法纠错共享评测数据上达到了最优性能。     

管网独立后我国储气库公司的经营策略探讨

随着我国油气管理体制改革的不断推进，原来捆绑经营的地下储气库（以下简称储气库）将与管道逐步实现业务分离、财务独立乃至产权独立，如何做好储气服务的经营，便成为储气库运营企业亟待思考并解决的问题。为此，以美国储气库运营企业为例，系统分析了其在天然气市场化改革前后管理体制、服务类型和经营策略的变化，进而结合我国储气库业务经营中的关键因素和现存问题，对我国储气库企业的经营提出了建议。结论认为：①美国天然气市场化改革之后，传统的储气服务商通过设立子公司的形式实现了管输与储气的财务分离和经营统一，新建储气库通过开放季的形式进行预售从而锁定客户，将注采能力作为经营重点加强管理，向老客户提供优先续约权从而兼顾公平与效益；②我国的储气库经营还面临着现行储转费测算方法难以反映储气库实际运行成本、对注采能力重要性的认识有待加强等储多问题；③我国储气库经营企业应建立新的储气服务费定价机制，加强对注采能力的管理和经营，将城市燃气企业作为重点用户加强管理并与之深入合作，在合同设计中对气质、注采能力分配等关键参数进行明确规定，进一步细化服务细则。     

A compositional model for CO2 flooding including CO2 equilibria between water and oil using the Peng–Robinson equation of state with the Wong–Sandler mixing rule

This paper presents a three-dimensional, three-phase compositional model considering CO₂ phase equilibrium between water and oil. In this model, CO₂ is mutually soluble in aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, while other components, except water, exist in hydrocarbon phase. The Peng–Robinson (PR) equation of state and the Wong–Sandler mixing rule with non-random two-liquid parameters are used to calculate CO₂ fugacity in the aqueous phase. One-dimensional and three-dimensional CO₂ flooding examples show that a significant amount of injected CO₂ is dissolved in water. Our simulation shows 7% of injected CO₂ can be dissolved in the aqueous phase, which delays oil recovery by 4%. The gas rate predicted by the model is smaller than the conventional model as long as water is undersaturated by CO₂, which can be considered as “lost” in the aqueous phase. The model also predicts that the delayed oil can be recovered after the gas breakthrough, indicating that delayed oil is hard to recover in field applications. A three-dimensional example reveals that a highly stratified reservoir causes uneven displacement and serious CO₂ breakthrough. If mobility control measures like water alternating gas are undertaken, the solubility effects will be more pronounced than this example.     

中文句法异构蕴含语块标注和边界识别研究

文本蕴含是自然语言处理的难点,其形式、类型复杂,知识难以概括。早期多利用词汇蕴含和逻辑推理知识识别蕴含,但该方法反对特定类型的蕴含有效。近年来,利用大规模数据训练深度学习模型的方法在句级蕴含关系识别任务上取得优异性能,但模型不可解释,尤其是无法标定引起蕴含的具体语言片段。该文研究文本蕴含成因形式,归纳为词汇、句法异构、常识和社会经验三类,并以句法异构蕴含为研究对象。针对上述两个问题,提出句法异构蕴含语块的概念,定义其边界识别任务。该文制定句法异构蕴含语块标注规范,建立标注数据集。在此基础上,分别建立基于规则和基于深度学习的模型,探索句法异构蕴含语块的自动识别方法。实验结果表明,该文提出的深度学习模型能有效发现蕴含语块,为下一步的研究提供可靠的基线方法。     

中文基本复合名词短语语义关系体系及知识库构建

名词短语一直是中外语言学领域的重要研究对象,近年来在自然语言处理领域也受到了研究者的持续关注。英文方面,已建立了一定规模的名词短语语义关系知识库。但迄今为止,尚未建立相应或更大规模的描述名词短语语义关系的中文资源。该文借鉴国内外诸多学者对名词短语语义分类的研究成果,对大规模真实语料中的基本复合名词短语实例进行试标注与分析,建立了中文基本复合名词短语语义关系体系及相应句法语义知识库,该库能够为中文基本复合名词短语句法语义的研究提供基础数据资源。目前该库共含有18 281条高频基本复合名词短语,每条短语均标注了语义关系、短语结构及是否指称实体等信息,每条短语包含的两个名词还分别标注了语义类信息。语义类信息基于北京大学《现代汉语语义词典》。基于该知识库,该文还做了基本复合名词短语句法语义的初步统计与分析。     

基于Lattice-LSTM的多粒度中文分词

中文分词是中文信息处理领域中的一项关键基础技术,而多粒度分词是中文分词领域较新的研究方向。针对多粒度中文分词任务,该文提出一种基于Lattice-LSTM的多粒度中文分词模型,在传统基于字的多粒度中文分词模型基础上,加入了多分词粒度的词典信息。与传统模型相比,所提出的模型在网格结构的辅助下,对不同粒度的分词标准都有较强的捕捉能力,且不局限于单一的分词标准。实验表明,该文提出的方法在多粒度中文分词方向取得了目前最好的结果。