Comment on "Outage Probability Analysis of a MIMO Relay Channel with Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes"

We point out that a simpler expression could be derived for the outage probability considered by Chalise and Vandendorpe (2008). As a result, the computation of confluent hypergeometric function of two variables is not needed and the required computational effort is significantly reduced.     

砂堆雪崩幂律分布现象的解释

自组织临界性的提出者Per Bak认为,处于临界状态砂堆雪崩呈现幂律分布,可作为广延耗散动力系统自组织临界性存在的证据。采用真实砂堆试验和元胞自动机砂堆模拟两种方法进行研究,提出处于亚临界状态的砂堆,在向临界状态演化的过程中,砂堆在亚临界状态发生众多小规模的雪崩,越接近临界状态,系统的波动越强,大规模的雪崩也时而发生,因此在从亚临界状态向临界状态演化的过程之中,大规模雪崩的发生次数少,小规模雪崩发生的次数多,雪崩发生的规模也呈现幂律分布,并认为这种情况更具普适性。     

Incorporating user preferences in ant colony optimization for the next release problem

The selection of which requirements should be implemented in the next software release is an important and complex task in the software development process, considering the presence of budget constraints and other conflicting aspects. In this context, search based software engineering, has the main objective of applying automatic search methods to solve complex software engineering problems. However, most of these methods do not consider human expertise during the search, especially due to the difficulty in mathematically modeling the user's preferences. Consequently, the user can present some resistance or place little confidence in the final results, given that his/her knowledge and domain expertise was not properly considered in the solution construction. This paper aims at proposing an interactive model for the next release problem using ant colony optimization, where the user can define which requirements he/she would like to include or not in the next release. Employing humans and a simulator, an empirical study was performed that considers real-world and artificial instances. The achieved results demonstrate that the loss of score was, on average, 12% when it was compared with a solution with no human intervention. On the other hand, the algorithm generates solutions that have more than 80% of the met preferences, as defined by the users. Furthermore, the results showed that ACO can be an interesting choice as an interactive search engine, given the low quantity of interactions that are required to reach good solutions.     

Geometry evolution of rail weld irregularity and the effect on wheel-rail dynamic interaction in heavy haul railways

Rail welded joints are important structural connections in the formation of continuous welded rail (CWR). Due to the difference in the stiffness and material at rail welded joints, rail damage and geometric degradation will occur and evolve under repeated train loads, which will significantly influence the wheel-rail dynamic interaction. In this paper, geometric measurements of the rail surface are made at the single flush welding zone by a tracking test on Datong-Qinhangdao heavy haul railway line in China. Fractal geometry theory is applied to calculate the fractal dimension and describe the geometric evolution of rail weld irregularities. Then, the vehicle-track coupled dynamic model is used to investigate the effect of the geometric evolution of rail weld on the wheel-rail dynamic interactions both in the time and frequency domains. The calculation results show that rail weld irregularities have fractal characteristics due to the fractal dimension of measured geometries mostly larger than 1.1. The geometry evolution of rail welded irregularity has great effects on the wheel-rail dynamic interactions in the time domain, but has little effects in the frequency domain. Fractal geometry theory can be used to describe the geometry evolution of rail weld irregularity and the effect on the wheel-rail dynamic interactions. The results can provide novel ideas for the evaluation and evaluation of the rail weld irregularity.     

黏弹性夹层圆板的轴对称自由振动特性

对黏弹性夹层圆板的轴对称自由振动特性进行了分析。基于经典弹性圆薄板基本假设和Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性本构方程,建立了黏弹性夹层圆板振动控制方程。采用Galerkin截断得到黏弹性夹层圆板自由振动的特征方程,用数值方法讨论了周边固支黏弹性夹层圆板夹心层比率对结构固有频率及损耗因子的影响。研究表明:随着夹心层厚度的增大,系统频率先增大后减小,损耗因子一直增大。     

多晶铜和铝单轴棘轮行为的循环晶体塑性本构模拟

针对实验揭示的面心立方金属多晶紫铜和多晶纯铝的单轴棘轮行为演化特征,采用一种基于晶体塑性理论的循环多晶塑性本构模型,对这两种多晶金属材料的单轴棘轮行为进行了本构描述。采用的循环多晶塑性本构模型中使用了一种简单的显式尺度过渡法则。结果表明:该本构模型对两种材料的单轴棘轮行为及其应力幅值和平均应力依赖性给出了很好地理论描述;同时,还揭示了面心立方单晶棘轮行为对单晶晶向的强烈依赖性。     

非线性悬挂对Cooperrider转向架蛇行特性的影响

以Cooperrider转向架为研究对象,分析二系悬挂横向非线性弹簧对系统Hopf分岔的影响情况。对转向架非线性动力学模型进行数值分析的结果表明具有硬特性的非线性弹簧会降低蛇行运动幅值。不仅如此,非线性弹簧会在一定程度上延迟混沌运动、倍周期运动等非线性现象的出现。因此,为了减少轮轨磨耗,提高转向架的运行品质,可在二系悬挂横向处设置具有硬特性的非线性弹簧。     

A local alignment approach to similarity analysis of industrial alarm flood sequences

Similar alarm sequence alignment algorithms have been used to find similar alarm floods in the historical database for the prediction and prevention of alarm floods. However, the existing modified Smith–Waterman (SW) algorithm has a high computation complexity, preventing its online applications within a tolerable computation time period. This paper proposes a new local alignment algorithm, based on the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). The novelty of the proposed algorithm is three-fold. First, a priority-based similarity scoring strategy makes the proposed algorithm more sensitive to alarms having higher alarm priorities. Second, a set-based pre-matching mechanism avoids unnecessary computations by excluding all irrelevant alarm floods and alarm tags. Third, the seeding and extending steps of the conventional BLAST are adapted for alarm floods, which reduce the searching space significantly. Owing to the novelties, the proposed algorithm is much faster in computation and provides a higher alignment accuracy than the SW algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by industrial case studies based on the historical alarm floods from an oil conversion plant.     

Active disturbance rejection control for voltage stabilization in open-cathode fuel cells through temperature regulation

Temperature regulation is an important control challenge in open-cathode fuel cell systems. In this paper, a feedback controller, combined with a novel output-injection observer, is designed and implemented for fuel cell stack temperature control. The first functionality of the observer is to smooth the noisy temperature measurements. To this end, the observer gain is calculated based on Kalman filter theory which, in turn, results in a robust temperature estimation despite temperature model uncertainties and measurement noise. Furthermore, the observer is capable of estimating the output voltage model uncertainties. It is shown that temperature control not only ensures the fuel cell temperature reference is properly tracked, but, along with the uncertainty estimator, can also be used to stabilize the output voltage. Voltage regulation is of great importance for open-cathode fuel cells, which typically suffer from gradual voltage decay over time due to their dead-end anode operation. Moreover, voltage control ensures predictable and fixed fuel cell output voltages for given current values, even in the presence of disturbances. The observer stability is proved using Lyapunov theory, and the observer's effectiveness in combination with the controller is validated experimentally. The results show promising controller performances in regulating fuel cell temperature and voltage in the presence of model uncertainties and disturbances.     

A multiaxial high-cycle fatigue life evaluation model for notched structural components

A model for multiaxial high-cycle fatigue life evaluation of notched structural components is proposed, which considers the impact of the stress field on fatigue life by utilizing the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The maximum shear stress range plane is defined as the critical plane, and the damage parameters are the maximum effective shear stress amplitude and the maximum effective normal stress, which are obtained by averaging the stress in the hemisphere volume around the maximum stress point. To validate the accuracy of the model, multiaxial fatigue tests are carried out for both smooth and notched specimens of Aluminum–Silicon alloy. The results indicate that the evaluated life and experimental life have a good agreement.