Adaptive reversible data hiding for JPEG images with multiple two-dimensional histograms

Joint photographic experts group (JPEG) can provide good quality with small file size but also eliminate extensively the redundancies of images. Therefore, hiding data into JPEG images in terms of maintaining high visual quality at small file sizes has been a great challenge for researchers. In this paper, an adaptive reversible data hiding method for JPEG images containing multiple two-dimensional (2D) histograms is proposed. Adaptability is mainly reflected in three aspects. The first one is to preferentially select sharper histograms for data embedding after $K$ histograms are established by constructing the $k$th ($k\in \{1,2,\dots ,K\}$) histogram using the $k$th non-zero alternating current (AC) coefficient of all the quantized discrete cosine transform blocks. On the other hand, to fully exploit the strong correlation between coefficients of one histogram, the smoothness of each coefficient is estimated by a block smoothness estimator so that a sharply-distributed 2D-histogram is constructed by combining two coefficients with similar smoothness into a pair. The pair corresponding to low complexity is selected priorly for data embedding, leading to high embedding performance while maintaining low file size. Besides, we design multiple embedding strategies to adaptively select the embedding strategy for each 2D histogram. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve higher rate–distortion performance which maintaining lower file storage space, compared with previous studies.     

基于V2-OCC的BUCK变换器的斜坡补偿控制研究

针对BUCK变换器的电压模式控制中,电力电子开关工作在大占空比下不稳定,易引起次谐波振荡,提出了一种基于V~2-OCC的BUCK变换器斜坡补偿控制方法。增加斜坡补偿环节,在电流内环引入基于负载前馈的纹波补偿,通过匹配控制参量参数达到稳态无差调节。通过对输出电压进行补偿设计,不仅提高了系统的带载能力,同时也提高了系统的鲁棒性与稳态精确性。为验证所设计控制器的性能,在Matlab/Simulink里搭建仿真模型,并将控制效果与传统PID控制以及V~2-OCC控制效果相比较,仿真结果表明引入斜坡补偿环节的控制方法具有更强的鲁棒性与带载能力。     

搅拌式风力致热装置启动性能研究

搭建搅拌式风力致热试验台,以自制的2种致热器为研究对象,使其分别在3个不同平均角加速度24.92、14.66、8.04 rad/s2下启动。通过动态扭矩测试仪和数据采集仪测试记录致热器启动阶段的相关数据。结果表明:致热器启动时所需扭矩与角加速度的一次方、转速、叶片半径的二次方成正比,同时得出这些因素之间的关系式;满负荷时,启动扭矩会出现一个峰值,且角加速度越大峰值越大,自然风必须提供峰值以上的扭矩,否则装置无法启动。     

激光散射法测定大方无烟煤粒度的测试条件的选择

利用激光粒度分布仪对大方无烟煤进行了测试，目的是为了选取测量过程中最佳测试条件。结果发现测试条件对试验结果的影响较大，特别是分散剂、超声时间、搅拌池泵转速对测试结果的影响尤为显著。最终确定了激光粒度分布仪测试样品的合理测试条件，即分散剂为无水乙醇，无烟煤折射率为1.66，吸收率为0.46，在搅拌池中的超声时间为180 s，搅拌池泵转速为1 600 r·min^-1。另外，取样方法中，试管法和四分法均具有良好的代表性。     

Origin of the temperature stability of dielectric constant in CaCu3Ti4O12

The temperature and dc bias stability of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ samples sintered under different oxygen atmospheres are discussed. The results suggest that the metal-oxygen vacancy related defects not only provide the charge carriers for the conduction (defect doping) but also contribute to the huge permittivity in the way of defect dipoles repositioning under charge carrier hopping. The charge localization in a specific copper-oxygen vacancy defect complex is the reason of the huge and stable permittivity and low dielectric loss in the middle temperature range, 90 K-200 K (20 Hz), while the implementation of the large barrier layer height needs a contribution by the titanium oxygen vacancy related trap charges in the grain boundaries, which also lead to a second permittivity stable range in a higher temperature range 200 K–300 K.     

基于数据驱动建模的核电站一回路管道劣化趋势研究

提出一种基于管道状态数据的分析方法，可得到管道劣化趋势，有助于预防管道劣化引起的泄漏。具体方法是通过融合主观专家经验层次分析法和客观大数据分析熵权法的优点，定量地构建一回路管道的改进马氏距离健康度模型，进而应用融合卷积神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络的组合预测模型，对一回路管道未来的劣化泄漏情况做出趋势分析和预判。仿真结果表明，构建的健康度模型能够较好的反映出一回路管道的真实健康状态；组合 预测模型可以有效地预测一回路管道劣化泄漏的趋势，为保障设备的安全稳定运行提供 参考。     

考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力模型

为研究多时间尺度电力交易下配电网的最大供电能力,首先从中长期+现货交易模式入手,将多时间尺度下的交易转变为单时间尺度交易;其次,建立考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力双层模型,并运用原始对偶内点法和改进的重复潮流算法求解;最后通过算例,对中长期+现货交易模式下的配电网最大供电能力进行计算分析。结果表明,考虑多尺度电力交易下的配电网最大供电能力得到了提升,且随着现货交易的深入,提升得越明显。研究成果可为电力市场环境下提升配电网最大供电能力提供参考。     

Capturing what human eyes perceive: A visual hierarchy generation approach to emulating saliency-based visual attention for grid-like urban street networks

Visual hierarchy is an important notion in urban imagery research. As the skeletons of cities, urban streets attract more attention from urban residents and street network hierarchies are important references for urban planning and urban studies. However, due to the characteristic of over-regularization, it is often difficult for humans to differentiate visual salience for grid-like street networks, resulting in the hierarchies of grid-like streets yielded by existing methods being prone to cause visual cognitive confusion. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a novel model to quantify the extent to which a street attracts human visual attention through emulating the visual attention mechanism that can capture the focus of relatively significant elements at different levels of perception. Using the natural street (also known as the stroke) as the sensor unit, the comprehensive visual salience (CVS) index combining the geometric competitive factors of natural streets at the local scale and psychological competitive factors of natural streets at the global scale is designed. Finally, the visual salience of the urban natural streets is ranked by these CVS scores and the visual hierarchy is derived by the head/tail breaks scheme. The model was applied to eight typical grid-like street networks and the results show that the performance of visual discrimination on street hierarchies is greatly improved. Our hierarchy generation method could effectively detect visually prominent streets for grid-like street networks and generate the visual hierarchies of grid-like street networks that conform to the hierarchies perceived by human eyes. These results would provide helpful suggestions in practical urban street network applications.     

基于数据辩识算法的燃气热水锅炉运行特性研究

搭建了以泡沫铜翅片换热器为核心的烟气水分回收实验台，研究了冷却水进口温度、烟气雷诺数及烟气中水蒸气体积分数对该换热器水回收特性和换热特性的影响,基于实验数据，利用多元回归拟合得到对流换热的关联式，其预测值与实验值误差在6%以内。结果表明：水蒸气体积分数增大可以显著提升水回收特性，而冷却水进口温度及烟气雷诺数对其影响很小；冷却水进口温度与烟气雷诺数对换热效率的影响较大，冷却水进口温度与换热效率成反比，烟气雷诺数与之成正比，而水蒸气体积分数对其影响较小；实验获得的最大冷凝水产率为7.68 kg/h，最大冷凝率为56.94%，最大换热效率为96.95%。