Experimental and numerical study on aerodynamic noise of outdoor unit of room air conditioner with different grilles

The aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performances of outdoor unit with two different types of grille have been investigated in present study. Experimental results indicate that the grille sharp will affect the flow rate and increase broadband noise level of outdoor unit. Based on noise generation mechanism and CFD simulation, vortex shedding noise model and inlet turbulence noise model are adopted to predict the broadband noise level of outdoor unit. When vortex shedding noise is concerned, the wake parameters should be calculated at 3 mm downstream of grille to achieve good accuracy. Inlet turbulence noise is generated from the interaction between blade wake and the grille, and plays less important role in present outdoor unit configuration. In comparison with experimental results, it is shown that the broadband noise prediction method could provide reasonable accuracy and the error between prediction and experiment is less than 1 dBA.     

Electronic structure of polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene (PTB7) derivatives for organic solar cell applications

Among the new materials currently employed as electron donor element in active layers of organic solar cells (OSCs), PTB7 holds the best results. It has been extensively studied and now there is a search for new derivatives to improve its properties. In this work, a set of 24 polymers derived from polythieno[3,4-b]-thiophene-co-benzodithiophene (PTB7) was studied theoretically, using chemical modifications in the benzodithiophene (BDT) moiety of the PTB7 monomeric units. After evaluations of the electronic and optical properties, including the open circuit voltage and exciton dissociation and recombination conditions, the results indicate that employing chlorine as substituent yields the most promising material for application in active layers together with Phenyl-C₆₁-Butyric-Acid-Methyl-Ester (PCBM) as electron acceptor material.     

Matlab符号计算在傅里叶级数分析中的应用

傅里叶级数分析是电路分析的重要内容之一,其求解公式形式简单、含义明确.但对一些常见周期波形.应用公式求傅里叶级数时,常常面临较大的计算量.本文利用Matlab的符号计算功能.编写了用于傅里叶级数分析的函数,通过实例介绍了该函数在傅里叶级数分析中的应用.将符号计算引入电路分析可将学生从繁重的手工计算中解脱出来,将更多的时间用于对基本概念和基本方法的理解,还可提高学生的学习兴趣和课堂教学效果.所编程序可供在傅里叶级数分析的教学中使用.     

一种优化的gOMP稀疏OFDM信道估计方法

无线多径信道多呈现稀疏特性,即信道时延扩展大,但是路径的个数少,利用信道先验稀疏信息的稀疏信道估计方法可以提高稀疏信道的估计准确性。针对贪婪算法选择字典原子在残余误差最小意义下的非最优性,及广义正交匹配追踪算法gOMP利用含噪信号估计稀疏信道过程中过多的选择字典原子导致gOMP算法重建性能下降的问题,提出优化的广义正交匹配追踪算法（optimized generalized orthogonal matching pursuit,OgOMP）。在OgOMP算法原子选择阶段,采用使残余误差最小化的原子选择标准代替残差与字典内积绝对值最大化的原子选择标准以选择原子。为删除多余的误选原子,添加原子精炼步骤对每一步迭代后选择的字典原子进行二次选择,选择对应最大信道衰落系数的原子,选择的原子数与信道稀疏度相同,删除错选原子以保证重建信号与原始信号的稀疏性一致。本文仿真对比了gOMP和OgOMP算法的信道估计均方误差、误码率、残差收敛速度以及不同导频数、不同原子选择数对算法的影响。仿真结果表明：相同的误码率下,OgOMP算法比gOMP算法在估计稀疏信道时最大可以节省4 dB的信噪比,信噪比为20 dB时均方误差最大可以减小5 dB;两种算法的残差收敛速度均优于MP算法;导频数的增加可以减小两种算法的信道估计均方误差,相同信道估计性能下OgOMP算法具有更小的导频开销;每步迭代选择的原子数目不同时,相比于gOMP算法,OgOMP算法性能基本不变,具有更好的稳定性,仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性。     

基于蚁群算法自整定PID的风电系统最大风能追踪研究

针对风力发电系统处于欠功率阶段时,风能利用系数须保持在最大值的问题,以欠功率阶段的最大风能追踪为研究重点,对风力机捕获风能的过程进行理论分析,提出了一种基于蚁群算法自整定PID的最大风能追踪控制策略,利用蚁群算法的全局优化能力优化PID的3个参数,给出了该算法的基本思想以及具体实现步骤,设计了蚁群算法自整定PID控制器,搭建了系统仿真图,并对其进行相应的仿真分析;仿真结果表明,与传统的PID控制策略相比,该控制策略使控制系统具有良好的动态响应能力,提高了风电系统的控制精度、风能利用率、输出功率,实现了机组的优化运行.     

Stochastic reactive power market with volatility of wind power considering voltage security

While wind power generation is growing rapidly around the globe; its stochastic nature affects the system operation in many different aspects. In this paper, the impact of wind power volatility on the reactive power market is taken into account. The paper presents a novel stochastic method for optimal reactive power market clearing considering voltage security and volatile nature of the wind. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a multiobjective nonlinear programming technique to minimize market payment and simultaneously maximize voltage security margin. Considering a set of probable wind speeds, in the first stage, the proposed algorithm seeks to minimize expected system payment which is summation of reactive power payment and transmission loss cost. The object of the second stage is maximization of expected voltage security margin to increase the system loadability and security. Finally, in the last stage, a multiobjective function is presented to schedule the stochastic reactive power market using results of two previous stages. The proposed algorithm is applied to IEEE 14-bus test system. As a benchmark, Monte Carlo Simulation method is utilized to simulate the actual market of given period of time to evaluate results of the proposed algorithm, and satisfactory results are achieved.     

互易电路回路矩阵和节点矩阵的对称性

互易电路是电路教学中的重要内容。本文讨论了互易电路回路矩阵和节点矩阵的对称性,即对不含独立电源的电路,如果其回路矩阵或节点矩阵是对称的,则该电路必为互易电路,反之不然。文中给出了一般性结论及证明。本文的讨论对电路课程的教学具有一定的参考价值。