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1.
The ohmic resistance in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) mainly comes from the electrolyte, which can be reduced by developing novel electrolyte materials with higher ionic conductivity and/or fabricating thin-film electrolytes. Among various kinds of thin-film fabrication technology, the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method can reduce the electrolyte thickness to a few micrometers and mitigate the issues associated with high-temperature sintering, which is necessary for wet ceramic methods. This review summarizes recent development progress in thin-film electrolytes fabricated by the PVD method, especially pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and magnetron sputtering. At first, the importance of the substrate surface morphology for the quality of the film is emphasized. After that, the fabrication of thin-film doped-zirconia and doped-ceria electrolytes is presented, then we provide a brief summary of the works on other types of electrolytes prepared by PVD. Finally, we have come to the summary and made perspectives.  相似文献   
2.
In this work, the SnS2 nanoflowers (SnS2 NFs) were solvothermally prepared in the solvent of ethanol, while SnS2 nanoplates (SnS2 NPs) were obtained through the identical conditions except for the solvent of water. The flowers were assembled with numerous nanosheets with very thin thickness, and the NPs exhibited hexagonal shape. When used as the battery-type electrode material for supercapacitors, the SnS2 NFs delivered a specific capacity of as high as 264.4 C g?1 at 1 A g?1, which was higher than the 201.6 C g?1 of SnS2 NPs. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) was assembled with the SnS2 as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode, respectively. The SnS2 NFs//AC HSC exhibited a high energy density of 28.1 Wh kg?1 at 904.3 W kg?1, which was higher than the 24.2 Wh kg?1 at 844.3 W kg?1 of SnS2 NPs//AC HSC. Especially, when the power density was enhanced to the highest value of 8666.8 W kg?1, the NFs-based device could still hold 20.4 Wh kg?1. In addition, both HSC devices showed an excellent cycling stability after 5000 cycles at 5 A g?1. The present method is simple and can be extended to the preparation of other transition metal sulfides (TMSs)-based electrode materials with brilliant electrochemical performance for supercapacitors.  相似文献   
3.
Owing to the high melting points and high-temperature stability, transition-metal disilicides are potential components for aerospace, automotive, and industrial engineering applications. However, unwanted oxidation known as PEST oxidation severely limits their application owing to the formation of volatile transition metal oxides, especially in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. To overcome this problem, a new class of high-entropy disilicides, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2, was selected by first-principles calculations and then successfully fabricated using a hot-pressing sintering technique. Furthermore, the phase evolution, thermal expansion behavior, thermal conductivity, and oxidation behavior were systematically investigated. Compared with MoSi2, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2 possessed a lower thermal conductivity (10.9–14.7 W·m?1·K?1) at 25–1000 °C, higher thermal expansion coefficients (8.6 ± 1.3–6 K–1) at 50–1200 °C, and especially an excellent thermal stability at 500–1000 °C owing to slow diffusion and selective oxidation. This work provides a strong foundation for the synthesis and application of high-entropy disilicides.  相似文献   
4.
Low-thermal conductivity ceramics play an indispensable role in maximizing the efficiency and durability of hot end components. Pyrochlore, particularly zirconate pyrochlore, is currently a highly promising and widely studied candidate for its extremely low thermal conductivity. However, there are still few pyrochlores that offer both stiffness, insulation, and good thermal expansion properties. In this work, the solidification method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of titanate pyrochlore, and combined it with the compositional design of high-entropy. Through careful composition design and solidification control, the high-density and uniform elements distributed high-entropy titanate pyrochlore ceramics were successfully prepared. These samples possess high hardness (15.88 GPa) and Young’s modulus (295.5 GPa), low thermal conductivity (0.947 W·m?1·K?1), excellent thermal expansion coefficient (11.6 ×10?6/K) and an exquisite balance between stiffness and insulation (E/κ, 312.1 GPa·W?1·m·K), in which the E/κ exhibits the highest value among the current reported works.  相似文献   
5.
发射药传统老化失效评价主要针对发射药贮存过程中的化学安定性,未考虑物理变化层面的钝感剂迁移现象。基于扩散原理以及钝感剂分布与燃烧性能的关联,建立由密闭爆发器实验测试钝感双基发射药动态活度最大值升高百分比的迁移失效评价方法。通过密闭爆发器和弹道实验,获得了钝感双基发射药动态活度最大值升高幅度随老化时间的线性增长模型,并验证了所提方法的有效性。通过气相色谱实验分析发射药中安定剂含量随老化时间的变化规律,揭示了钝感双基发射药老化迁移导致的失效时间早于化学安定性失效时间。钝感双基发射药老化失效评价应遵循“双阈值原则”,从而保证其贮存安全性和使用安全性。  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(14):20041-20052
The growing demand for radiation-resistant optical glasses for space and nuclear radiation applications has attracted significant research interest. However, radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses have been poorly studied. In this work, we report on the tailoring and performance of radiation-resistant fluorophosphate glasses that contained cerium through codoping with Sb2O3 and Bi2O3. The physical properties, optical properties, microstructure, and defects of fluorophosphate glasses were investigated using transmittance measurements, absorption measurements, as well as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the radiation resistance of all codoped fluorophosphate glasses was better than the undoped cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses after 10–250 krad(Si) irradiation. Especially in glasses doped with Bi2O3, the optical density increment at 385 nm was only 0.1482 after 250 krad(Si) irradiation. The CeO2 prevented the development of phosphate-related oxygen hole center (POHC) defects, whereas further codoping with Bi2O3 suppressed the formation of oxygen hole center (OHC) and POEC defects, reducing the breaking of phosphate chains caused by CeO2. Bi3+ is more likely than Sb3+ to change the valence, affecting the transition equilibrium of intrinsic defects and reducing the concentration of defects produced by irradiation. When codoping with Sb2O3 and Bi2O3, Bi2O3 does not enhance radiation resistance owing to the scission effect of Sb2O3 on the phosphate chain, which is not conducive to the radiation resistance of glasses. This indicates that the cerium-containing fluorophosphate glasses doped with Bi2O3 can effectively suppress the defects caused by irradiation and improve the radiation resistance of the glasses.  相似文献   
7.
MgB2 superconductor pellets were synthesized through Mg gas infiltration method using nanosized- and microsized B powders. There was a marked difference in the superconducting properties of the two samples, particularly in the pinning force and dominant pinning mechanism. The microstructures of the samples were observed using HR-TEM and STEM-HAADF, and the results showed that the primary reason for the difference in the superconducting properties is the distribution of the nanosized second-phase particle MgO. Additionally, a feasible reaction model for the Mg gas infiltration method was established. Compared to the Mg liquid infiltration method, the gas infiltration showed better penetrability ability with a small amount of residual Mg. This study presents a novel synthesis process to fabricate an MgB2 pellet with superior density and superconducting properties. This method can be used in multiple applications such as superconducting bearings, compact superconductor magnets, and magnetic shielding.  相似文献   
8.
采用铸造法制备原位自生亚共晶Al-10Mg2Si复合材料,研究Cu和T6热处理对该复合材料组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:适量Cu的添加能显著减小共晶Mg2Si相晶粒尺寸,使其晶体结构由粗大的长条状和汉字状转变为细小的条状和纤维状;同时使针状的β-Al5Fe Si相转变为细小的不规则富Cu颗粒。经T6热处理后,质量分数为1.5%的Cu复合材料中的共晶Mg2Si相完全球化。质量分数为1.5%的Cu添加同时提高了材料铸态下的抗拉强度(Rm)、屈服强度(Rp0.2)和伸长率(A),达317、169 MPa和2.3%,比未添加Cu提高了42.2%、24.3%和53.3%;经T6热处理的Rm和Rp0.2值分别增至332、181 MPa,而A值保持不变。同时,材料由脆性断裂完全转变为韧性断裂。  相似文献   
9.
针对深井、超深井固井中,水泥浆在高温下液相黏滞力下降而发生固相沉降失稳甚至分层的问题,设计合成了一种耐200 ℃的高温悬浮剂GX,该剂是以丙烯酰胺(AM)、对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)、N, N-二乙基丙烯酰胺(DEAA)为单体,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用自由基溶液聚合法制得的三元共聚物。采用GPC、FTIR、1H-NMR和SEM对高温悬浮剂的分子量、结构和形貌进行了表征,结果表明,3种单体均参与聚合反应,成功合成了AM/SSS/DEAA三元共聚物。TG、FTIR和SEM分析表明,高温悬浮剂的耐热性能优异,最高可达318.6 ℃。高温沉降稳定性评价结果表明,高温悬浮剂的适用温度可达200 ℃,水泥浆中加入悬浮剂GX后,200 ℃下密度差小于0.02 g/cm3,能提高水泥浆的沉降稳定性,且高温悬浮剂的加入对水泥浆的流变性、稠化时间和水泥石的强度无负面影响。   相似文献   
10.
以在神光II升级靶场使用九路激光打靶实测的电磁脉冲信号为输入源,建立平行线缆模型,研究电磁脉冲耦合电缆产生的串扰现象,揭示不同线缆间距、线缆长度受串扰的规律,以及线缆长度对串扰信号频率的影响机制。同时探讨铜箔屏蔽处理后对串扰信号的衰减。结果表明,增大平行线缆的间距有利于抑制串扰,增大线缆长度抗干扰能力减弱,谐振频率降低;屏蔽处理能有效抑制信号串扰,为高功率激光装置安全精确的开展各类物理诊断提供实验与理论支持。  相似文献   
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