Liquefaction behavior of fiber-reinforced calcareous sands in unidirectional and multidirectional simple shear tests

A study on the liquefaction resistance of calcareous sands reinforced with polypropylene fibers was reported. Stress-controlled cyclic simple shear tests were conducted on specimens prepared at a relative density of 50%, with and without fiber reinforcements. The liquefaction behavior was investigated by considering the effects of fiber contents ranging from 0% to 1%, fiber lengths varying from 3 mm to 12 mm and loading patterns. The results indicated that increasing fiber content and fiber length resulted in a decrease in the deformation, a reduction in pore pressure accumulation rate, and improved the liquefaction resistance of calcareous sands. Additionally, the risk of soil liquefaction could be significantly reduced when the fiber content was greater than 0.8%. The multidirectional loading had a considerable effect in reducing the liquefaction resistance compared to unidirectional loading. Further, the stiffness degradation of calcareous sands decreased with increasing fiber content and fiber length. The pore pressure generated in the cyclic tests was analyzed and was found to be affected by fiber content. A pore pressure prediction model was proposed to obtain the pore pressure characteristics of fiber-reinforced calcareous sands under various fiber content conditions.     

副溶血性弧菌多克隆抗体制备及应用

以热灭活副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus,VP ATCC17802)免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,用间接酶联免疫吸附法测定抗血清效价,纯化后的多克隆抗体效价为512000。该抗体与5株副溶血性弧菌均能特异性结合,但与其他12株非副溶血性弧菌无交叉反应。在此基础之上建立了间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法(indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ic-ELISA),并优化了抗原抗体浓度、二抗浓度、封闭液等条件。结果表明,该法的线性范围为5×10^4~107CFU/m L,线性回归方程为y=0.21x-0.74(R2=0.99),IC50为106CFU/m L,最低检出限为1.7×10^4CFU/m L,板内变异系数为2.61%~4.15%,板间变异系数为4.71%~8.74%。用建立的ic-ELISA检测市场中鱼、贝类养殖水和实验室用水中的VP,实验结果与国标检测方法的结果一致。该方法快速便捷,灵敏度高,准确性好,为进一步研究VP的快速检测奠定了基础。     

基于BP神经网络和GA-PID的超超临界锅炉系统解耦控制研究

直流锅炉运行中,给水调节和燃料调节十分重要,但其各变量之间存在强耦合关系。本文针对1 000 MW超超临界机组直流锅炉中燃料和给水协调控制对象参数多变、强耦合的特点,提出了一种改进权值调整的BP神经网络分散解耦智能方法,实现系统解耦,然后采用遗传算法PID(GA-PID)控制方法对解耦后近似独立的两组对象进行控制。仿真结果表明:BP神经网络分散解耦算法具有很强的非线性映射能力和自适应解耦能力,GA-PID具有良好的控制效果,所设计的系统具有较强的鲁棒性,解耦控制方案能够达到理想的效果。     

搅拌式风力致热装置启动性能研究

搭建搅拌式风力致热试验台,以自制的2种致热器为研究对象,使其分别在3个不同平均角加速度24.92、14.66、8.04 rad/s2下启动。通过动态扭矩测试仪和数据采集仪测试记录致热器启动阶段的相关数据。结果表明:致热器启动时所需扭矩与角加速度的一次方、转速、叶片半径的二次方成正比,同时得出这些因素之间的关系式;满负荷时,启动扭矩会出现一个峰值,且角加速度越大峰值越大,自然风必须提供峰值以上的扭矩,否则装置无法启动。     

激光散射法测定大方无烟煤粒度的测试条件的选择

利用激光粒度分布仪对大方无烟煤进行了测试，目的是为了选取测量过程中最佳测试条件。结果发现测试条件对试验结果的影响较大，特别是分散剂、超声时间、搅拌池泵转速对测试结果的影响尤为显著。最终确定了激光粒度分布仪测试样品的合理测试条件，即分散剂为无水乙醇，无烟煤折射率为1.66，吸收率为0.46，在搅拌池中的超声时间为180 s，搅拌池泵转速为1 600 r·min^-1。另外，取样方法中，试管法和四分法均具有良好的代表性。     

某船用柴油机排气管路流-固耦合计算与保温效果研究

对某船用柴油机排气管路的流动与传热过程开展流-固耦合仿真分析。结果表明:受排气管路结构影响，管内流动方向和流速发生变化，局部区域产生明显的回流现象；排气管路外表面温度分布差异较大，平均温度高达534 ℃。为达到柴油机安全设计要求，在排气管路外壁敷设保温材料。分析结果表明:气凝胶纳米材料的保温效果优于硅酸铝纤维材料，在相同的运行条件和使用要求下，气凝胶纳米材料的敷设厚度更薄。     

Effect of MgF2 addition on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics

Dense silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) ceramics were prepared using Y₂O₃ and MgF₂ as sintering aids by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1650 °C for 5 min and post-sintering annealing at 1900 °C for 4 h. Effects of MgF₂ contents on densification, phase transformation, microstructure, mechanical properties, and thermal conductivity of the Si₃N₄ ceramics before and after heat treatment were investigated. Results indicated that the initial temperature of liquid phase was effectively decreased, whereas phase transformation was improved as increasing the content of MgF₂. For optimized mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Si₃N₄, optimum value for MgF₂ content existed. Sample with 3 mol.% Y₂O₃ and 2 mol.% MgF₂ obtained optimum flexural strength, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity (857 MPa, 7.4 MPa m^1/2 and 76 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, respectively). It was observed that excessive MgF₂ reduced the performance of the ceramic, which was caused by the presence of excessive volatiles.     

Origin of the temperature stability of dielectric constant in CaCu3Ti4O12

The temperature and dc bias stability of the dielectric constant and loss tangent of CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ samples sintered under different oxygen atmospheres are discussed. The results suggest that the metal-oxygen vacancy related defects not only provide the charge carriers for the conduction (defect doping) but also contribute to the huge permittivity in the way of defect dipoles repositioning under charge carrier hopping. The charge localization in a specific copper-oxygen vacancy defect complex is the reason of the huge and stable permittivity and low dielectric loss in the middle temperature range, 90 K-200 K (20 Hz), while the implementation of the large barrier layer height needs a contribution by the titanium oxygen vacancy related trap charges in the grain boundaries, which also lead to a second permittivity stable range in a higher temperature range 200 K–300 K.     

基于数据驱动建模的核电站一回路管道劣化趋势研究

提出一种基于管道状态数据的分析方法，可得到管道劣化趋势，有助于预防管道劣化引起的泄漏。具体方法是通过融合主观专家经验层次分析法和客观大数据分析熵权法的优点，定量地构建一回路管道的改进马氏距离健康度模型，进而应用融合卷积神经网络和长短期记忆神经网络的组合预测模型，对一回路管道未来的劣化泄漏情况做出趋势分析和预判。仿真结果表明，构建的健康度模型能够较好的反映出一回路管道的真实健康状态；组合 预测模型可以有效地预测一回路管道劣化泄漏的趋势，为保障设备的安全稳定运行提供 参考。     

考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力模型

为研究多时间尺度电力交易下配电网的最大供电能力,首先从中长期+现货交易模式入手,将多时间尺度下的交易转变为单时间尺度交易;其次,建立考虑多时间尺度电力交易市场下的配电网最大供电能力双层模型,并运用原始对偶内点法和改进的重复潮流算法求解;最后通过算例,对中长期+现货交易模式下的配电网最大供电能力进行计算分析。结果表明,考虑多尺度电力交易下的配电网最大供电能力得到了提升,且随着现货交易的深入,提升得越明显。研究成果可为电力市场环境下提升配电网最大供电能力提供参考。