Uncertainty analysis and robust control of fuel delivery systems considering nitrogen crossover phenomenon

In this paper, the fuel delivery subsystem (FDS) with hydrogen recirculation and anode bleeding is applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system, which is utilized to supply hydrogen to the anode of stack and recirculate fuel back to the supply line. As the diffusion of nitrogen from cathode to anode is inevitable in a real PEMFC during long-term operation. To prevent system performance decline due to nitrogen accumulation. Therefore, this paper firstly develops a control-oriented nonlinear dynamic FDS model involving gas diffusion. Additionally, the FDS is very sensitive to operating environment, uncontrolled operation conditions may cause stack degradation. Specifically, a method based on Monte Carlo simulation is proposed to identify the key parameter boundaries. Then the gas distribution in FDS due to nitrogen crossover is analyzed in detail. After this, a hybrid robust methodology based on sliding mode algorithm is also proposed to maintain adequate hydrogen pressure supply, suitable hydrogen and nitrogen content in the system in presence of nitrogen crossover and renewed uncertainties. Finally, the performance of the presented controller is compared with nonlinear PID (NPID) control and nonlinear multi-input-multi-output (NMIMO) control through a hardware-in-the-loop test bench. Experimental results show that the hybrid controller is accurate and suitable for control purpose, the nitrogen content is restricted to the given range and the variation of output voltage is limited to the desired boundaries, the feasibility and effectiveness are validated.     

现浇板式楼梯斜撑作用释放的Pushover分析

为了研究框架结构现浇板式楼梯采用滑动支座措施释放斜撑作用后对结构抗震性能的影响,本文应用有限元软件建立6层框架结构模型,通过对＂不带楼梯模型＂、＂带楼梯模型＂、＂带采用滑动支座楼梯模型＂进行静力推覆（Pushover）分析,对比了罕遇地震作用下三种结构的地震效应,并研究＂带采用滑动支座楼梯模型＂的屈服机制。研究表明：采用滑动支座措施释放斜撑作用,避免楼梯成为第一道防线,可以减少结构顺梯段板方向的抗侧刚度,减少地震作用力效应,减少配筋;但可能造成结构变柔,层间位移过大;罕遇地震下,梯柱下端,以及与框架柱相连的平台梁端都易出现塑性铰,导致楼梯整体稳定性得不到保证,为此提出增强楼梯间整体稳定性的构造措施。     

A local alignment approach to similarity analysis of industrial alarm flood sequences

Similar alarm sequence alignment algorithms have been used to find similar alarm floods in the historical database for the prediction and prevention of alarm floods. However, the existing modified Smith–Waterman (SW) algorithm has a high computation complexity, preventing its online applications within a tolerable computation time period. This paper proposes a new local alignment algorithm, based on the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). The novelty of the proposed algorithm is three-fold. First, a priority-based similarity scoring strategy makes the proposed algorithm more sensitive to alarms having higher alarm priorities. Second, a set-based pre-matching mechanism avoids unnecessary computations by excluding all irrelevant alarm floods and alarm tags. Third, the seeding and extending steps of the conventional BLAST are adapted for alarm floods, which reduce the searching space significantly. Owing to the novelties, the proposed algorithm is much faster in computation and provides a higher alignment accuracy than the SW algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by industrial case studies based on the historical alarm floods from an oil conversion plant.     

Ultra-low energy joining: An invisible strong bond at room temperature

We developed Cold Isostatic Joining (CIJ) which is an environmental friendly room temperature joining method. This technique extends cold sintering process to joining of glasses. By optimizing the CIJ conditions a shear stress (18 MPa) comparable to bulk fused silica was achieved. The technique surpasses other joining methods (e.g. adhesive bonding and brazing), because it is insensitive to thermal degradation. Unlike pressure-less silicate bonding, pressure assisted CIJ resulted in a thin joining interlayer (≈27 nm) which maintained its integrity after being heated up to 1000 °C. The in-line transmittance (92%) was identical to un-joined material over the full spectrum making the joining nearly undetectable. The mechanism of CIJ formation and joining were clarified using X-ray diffraction (XRD and pole figure), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and in line transmittance measurements. The cold joining method could find applications in the field of optics and semiconductors for wafer and lens bonding.     

Active disturbance rejection control for voltage stabilization in open-cathode fuel cells through temperature regulation

Temperature regulation is an important control challenge in open-cathode fuel cell systems. In this paper, a feedback controller, combined with a novel output-injection observer, is designed and implemented for fuel cell stack temperature control. The first functionality of the observer is to smooth the noisy temperature measurements. To this end, the observer gain is calculated based on Kalman filter theory which, in turn, results in a robust temperature estimation despite temperature model uncertainties and measurement noise. Furthermore, the observer is capable of estimating the output voltage model uncertainties. It is shown that temperature control not only ensures the fuel cell temperature reference is properly tracked, but, along with the uncertainty estimator, can also be used to stabilize the output voltage. Voltage regulation is of great importance for open-cathode fuel cells, which typically suffer from gradual voltage decay over time due to their dead-end anode operation. Moreover, voltage control ensures predictable and fixed fuel cell output voltages for given current values, even in the presence of disturbances. The observer stability is proved using Lyapunov theory, and the observer's effectiveness in combination with the controller is validated experimentally. The results show promising controller performances in regulating fuel cell temperature and voltage in the presence of model uncertainties and disturbances.     

A multiaxial high-cycle fatigue life evaluation model for notched structural components

A model for multiaxial high-cycle fatigue life evaluation of notched structural components is proposed, which considers the impact of the stress field on fatigue life by utilizing the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The maximum shear stress range plane is defined as the critical plane, and the damage parameters are the maximum effective shear stress amplitude and the maximum effective normal stress, which are obtained by averaging the stress in the hemisphere volume around the maximum stress point. To validate the accuracy of the model, multiaxial fatigue tests are carried out for both smooth and notched specimens of Aluminum–Silicon alloy. The results indicate that the evaluated life and experimental life have a good agreement.     

New binary sequences with good aperiodic autocorrelations obtainedby evolutionary algorithm

A new binary sequences for lengths up to 100 with good autocorrelation function properties are presented. The results obtained by an evolutionary algorithm are better than other known results in most cases     

一类逼近容量LDPC纠删码的二部图构造算法

Tornado码是一类重要的LDPC码． 证明了Heavy-Tail/Poisson度序列可逼近删除信道容量． 提出了Tornado码设计中随机二部图的连边构造算法． 通过分析Heavy-Tail/Poisson度序列的分布,提出了设计Tornado码的一个参数选取原则． 仿真实验证明了这一选取原则的合理性． 随机二部图的连边构造算法及其参数选取原则有助于Tornado码的设计及其工程应用．     

里亚普诺夫理论在热对流稳定性分析中的应用

以熵产作为里亚普诺夫V-函数,以轴对称直拉法单晶生长系统中熔体热对流为应用对象,通过发展里亚普诺夫数值V-函数方法,研究了里亚普诺夫V-函数在数值热对流稳定性分析中的应用。结果表明:对于稳定定态,系统熵产生震荡减小;对于不稳定震荡对流,系统熵产生震荡增大。里亚普诺夫稳定性法所得稳定性结果与直接法和正交稳定性分析方法所得结果一致。研究找到了熵源强度分布和产生原因。     

基于神经网络的混沌信号源的设计及同步

该文应用具有全局最优的BP改进算法和神经网络的强大学习能力、逼近任意非线性能力和权值调整的灵活性来优化混沌信号源的设计,采用非线性负反馈实现了神经网络混沌信号源之间的同步。计算机仿真结果表明:由于该模型充分利用了逼近任意非线性能力和网络权值调整的灵活性,比单一混沌映射能产生更多的、具有良好相关性能的混沌信号,且易于同步。