Simplified anode architecture for PEMFC systems based on alternative fuel feeding: Experimental characterization and optimization for automotive applications

The need to reduce PEMFC systems cost as well as to increase their durability is crucial for their integration in various applications and especially for transport applications. A new simplified architecture of the anode circuit called Alternating Fuel Feeding (AFF) offers to reduce the development costs. Requiring a new stack concept, it combines the simplicity of Dead-End Anode (DEA) with the operation advantages of the hydrogen recirculation. The three architectures (DEA, recirculation and AFF) are compared in terms of performance on a 5-kW test bench in automotive conditions, through a sensitivity analysis. A gain of 17% on the system efficiency is observed when switching from DEA to AFF. Moreover, similar performances are obtained both for AFF and for recirculation after an accurate optimization of the AFF tuning parameters. Based on DoE data, a gain of 25% on the weight of the anodic line has been identified compared to pulsed ejector architecture and 43% with the classic recirculation architecture with blower only (Miraï).     

Flexural behaviour of RC slabs strengthened with prestressed CFRP strips using different anchorage systems

The Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) technique using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) has been commonly used to strengthen concrete structures in flexure. The use of prestressed CFRP material offers several advantages well-reported in the literature. Regardless of such as benefits, several studies on different topics are missing. The present work intends to contribute to the knowledge of two commercially available systems that differ on the type of anchorage: (i) the Mechanical Anchorage (MA), and (ii) the Gradient Anchorage (GA). For that purpose, an experimental program was carried out with twelve slabs monotonically tested under displacement control up to failure by using a four-point bending test configuration. The effect of type of anchorage system (MA and GA), prestrain level (0 and 0.4%), width (50 mm and 80 mm) and thickness (1.2 mm and 1.4 mm) of the CFRP laminate, and the surface preparation (grinded and sandblasted) on the flexural response were the main studied parameters. Better performance was observed for the slabs: (i) with prestressed laminates, (ii) for the MA system, and (iii) with sandblasted surface preparation.     

五轴铣削加工中心坐标转换数学模型的建立及应用

首先以 HERMLE C1200 U 为例分析了五轴铣削加工中心的基本结构,然后据此给出了涉及多轴铣削加工中心后置处理角度分配和坐标变换的数学模型,最后介绍了以此数学模型为核心,为UG 软件开发的后置处理软件 UG-HERP1.0的解决方案。     

基于Cosserat理论的微观结构对非均质材料有效性能的影响分析

为更有效地研究具有周期性微观结构的非均质材料平面应变问题,用基于Cosserat理论的渐进均匀化方法得到微观结构对非均质材料有效性能的影响情况．计算结果表明,单胞内夹杂体的形状对有效杨氏弹性模量、有效泊松比、有效Cosserat弹性常数和有效材料特征长度有影响,并且随着夹杂体与单胞体积比的增大而影响明显．     

发电机挡块组件有限元分析

为分析抽水蓄能发电机挡块组件的von Mises应力（以下简称应力）分布情况,在MSC Marc中建立有限元模型,分别采用截面法和渗透接触法对螺栓施加预紧力,通过对发电机挡块组件处于稳定转速、抽水启动、抽水停机、发电启动、发电停机和甩负荷等工况的非线性接触分析,得到各工况下该发电机挡块组件的应力分布.结果表明,2种螺栓预紧力的施加方法是等效的;各工况下最大应力均发生在螺栓圆角处;转速大小对应力分布起决定性作用.该结果可为抽水蓄能发电机挡块组件结构的分析设计提供参考.     

基于ObjectARX的轻型木桁架节点模拟软件

为克服轻型木桁架设计过程中计算工作量大、手算难以实现的问题,利用ObjectARX编写豪式桁架和芬克式桁架的任意外形建模及计算模型自动生成程序.该程序采用规范推荐的节点模拟法体现齿板连接而产生的节点半刚性特征：用多根模拟弦杆、腹杆和若干分节点构成模拟节点;所有杆件数据通过Xdata扩展数据形式集成在杆件单元中,便于后续程序进行内力计算、简化轻型木桁架的工程设计计算过程.经豪式桁架试算实例,验证该程序生成的模型满足规范要求,易于调整,数据结构良好,且能体现齿板连接引起的刚度修正结果.     

Palmprint verification based on robust line orientation code

In this paper, we propose a novel robust line orientation code for palmprint verification, whose performance is improved by using three strategies. Firstly, a modified finite Radon transform (MFRAT) is proposed, which can extract the orientation feature of palmprint more accurately and solve the problem of sub-sampling better. Secondly, we construct an enlarged training set to solve the problem of large rotations caused by imperfect preprocessing. Finally, a matching algorithm based on pixel-to-area comparison has been designed, which has better fault tolerant ability. The experimental results of verification on Hong Kong Polytechnic University Palmprint Database show that the proposed approach has higher recognition rate and faster processing speed.     

初应力对各向同性材料柱壳结构双稳态性能的影响

建立各向同性柱壳的力学模型,分析初始应力对各向同性材料结构双稳态性能的影响. 通过对柱壳变形应变能的分析,利用最小势能原理导出柱壳实现双稳态的条件. 同时,采用ABAQUS建立壳单元模型,通过施加边界弯矩对柱壳的双稳态过程进行有限元数值模拟. 结果表明,双稳态柱壳卷曲半径的数值结果与理论结果相吻合;无论是否存在初始应力,其变形过程中均有两个平衡点,且柱壳在任一平衡位置均无扭转变形;对于无初始应力的柱壳,第1个平衡点为稳定的平衡状态,第2个平衡点为不稳定的平衡状态;对于有初始应力的柱壳,在初始应力满足一定条件下,柱壳为双稳态结构,且两个稳定状态对应的曲率方向相反. 这与反对称铺层复合材料层合壳的双稳态曲率方向相同的情况不同.     

循环载荷作用下两类楼板抗震性能的非线性有限元分析

为比较组合楼板和普通混凝土楼板的抗震性能,采用非线性有限元分析方法研究它们在循环载荷作用下的受力行为,并由此得到两类楼板的滞回曲线、骨架曲线及应力应变分布规律．计算结果表明,采用可靠构造措施的压型钢板与混凝土组合作用明显,在不失较高承载力的同时,组合楼板仍具有良好的抗震性能．将计算结果与试验数据相比较,验证该数值分析方法的有效性。     

Empirical modeling of splitting tensile strength from cylinder compressive strength of concrete by genetic programming

Compressive strength and splitting tensile strength are both mechanical properties of concrete that are utilized in structural design. This study presents gene expression programming (GEP) as a new tool for the formulations of splitting tensile strength from compressive strength of concrete. For purpose of building the GEP-based formulations, 536 experimental data have been gathered from existing literature. The GEP-based formulations are developed for splitting tensile strength of concrete as a function of age of specimen and cylinder compressive strength. In experimental parts of this study, cylindrical specimens of 150 × 300 mm and 100 × 200 mm in dimensions are utilized. Training and testing sets of the GEP-based formulations are randomly separated from the complete experimental data. The GEP-based formulations are also validated with additional 173 data of experimental results other than the data used in training and testing sets of the GEP-based formulations. All of the results obtained from the GEP-based formulations are compared with the results obtained from experimental data, the developed regression-based formulation and formulas given by some national building codes. These comparisons showed that the GEP-based formulations appeared to well agree with the experimental data and found to be quite reliable.