EPC合同风险浅析——基于总承包商视觉

EPC合同风险管控作为合同管理的核心之一,决定总包商履约的成败。本文将EPC合同风险通过合同利益主体关系的简单论述,从合同主体行为、合同内部及外部三个角度分析了EPC合同风险,为实际管理过程提供必要参考。     

Tribochemical Behavior of Ashless Dialkyl Dithiophosphate Ester as an EP/AW Additive in Mineral Oil for Steel–Aluminum Contact

Dialkyl dithiophosphate ester (DDPE) used as an extreme pressure/antiwear (EP/AW) additive in mineral base oil (BO) was introduced to a steel–aluminum contact in this study. The tribological performance of DDPE was explored by means of a universal tribotester under different loads and durations. The worn aluminum surface topographies were observed and photographed via laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tribochemical interactions between the additive and aluminum surface were investigated using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The distinction of chemical structure between lubricant untapped and the counterpart retrieved after a 3-h sliding process was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The friction coefficient of a BO + DDPE-lubricated friction pair under 300 N shows the lowest value. LSCM and SEM images show that the aluminum surface lubricated with BO + DDPE was well protected under a high loading condition of 300 N, and the 3-h sliding process deteriorated the surface topography. However, DDPE was not able to offer an effective lubricating film under a mild condition of 50 N. EDS results of S and P elements on the worn surface indicate that a tribochemical film was generated under 300 N in the sliding process. XPS results further show that the chemical compounds in the tribochemical film included Al₂S₃, Al₂(SO₄)₃, AlPO₄, and Al₂O₃. The P-containing compound in the tribofilm acted as a sacrificial layer, whereas the S-containing compounds were more durable. FTIR analyses demonstrate that the phosphorus–sulfur double bond was broken up due to the tribochemical interactions.     

Carbon nanotube–polyaniline composites

The last decade has seen a growing interest in hybrid electrically conducting nanocomposites. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of the present status of research in carbon nanotube–polyaniline (CNT/PANI) composites, from processing to structural and property evaluations. CNT/PANI are synthesized by electrochemical and chemical processing. When chemical methods are used, the main challenge is to obtain processable CNT/PANI in the emeraldine salt (ES) form composites. Stable dispersions of ES–CNT in organic media are prepared using the post doping method, inverse emulsion polymerization, or ex situ polymerizations. On the contrary, stable water dispersions of CNT/ES are prepared using hydrophilization of a preformed CNT/ES composite, direct synthesis of micelle–CNT hybrid templates, interfacial polymerization, covalent functionalization of CNT with a water soluble polymer, or using electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged ES and CNT aqueous colloids. Moreover, the strategies for the synthesis of ternary CNT/PANI composites incorporating noble metal nanoparticles, metal oxide, or graphene sheets are also presented and analyzed in depth. Finally, we give a review of potential applications, including chemical sensors, capacitors, fuel cells and electronic devices.     

基于FPGA和AT89C2051温度采集系统的设计与实现

介绍了一种应用FPGA(EP2C70)和AT89C51设计的高精度温度采集系统。该系统能够实现PN结、热电阻、热电偶3种方式的温度采集,能测量不同的范围、不同的测量精度及不同场合的温度。数据处理采用FPGA(EP2C70),它极高的程序运算速度使得系统响应更快更精确。     

端环氧基液体丁腈橡胶改性环氧树脂结构胶的研究

采用ETBN(端环氧基液体丁腈橡胶)增韧EP(环氧树脂),制备了单组分EP结构胶。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对结构胶的拉伸剪切强度及微观结构进行了表征。结果表明:制备该结构胶的适宜条件为m(EP):m(ETBN)=20:3,80℃均匀搅拌20 min,130℃固化1 h;由该结构胶制成的钢-钢胶接件,其室温拉伸剪切强度为23.66 MPa,并且其耐介质性能良好,说明ETBN对EP的增韧效果较好。     

氰酸酯环氧双马来酰亚胺基胶粘剂的苯并噁嗪改性研究

以苯并噁嗪(BZ)作为氰酸酯(CE)-环氧树脂(EP)-双马来酰亚胺(BMI)基胶粘剂的改性剂,探讨了BZ含量对改性胶粘剂的力学性能、介电性能、耐热性、耐水性和可操作性等影响。结果表明:当w(BZ)=2%时,改性胶粘剂的综合性能较好,其常温剪切强度(24.98 MPa)和高温(200℃)剪切强度(21.24 MPa)分别比未改性胶粘剂提高了16.9%和32.7%、介电系数低于3.0、吸水25 h后的吸水率仍低于1.2%且耐热性能未受到影响;170℃时凝胶时间为71 min,说明改性胶粘剂的可操作性较强,并且满足使用期的要求;改性胶粘剂在电子电器行业中具有良好的应用前景。     

自动电位滴定仪测定防锈油的酸值

防锈油中酸性物质含量的控制有着重要的意义。通过研究电位滴定法测定酸值的原理和滴定过程中各项参数对测试结果的影响,最终确定并建立一组适用于防锈油品的酸值的测试方法。满足了材料性能的检测和质量监控的需要。     

非扫描激光三维成像主控电路设计与实现

在非扫描激光三维成像系统中,各分系统（部件）接口众多、关系复杂。各单元需要在适当的时序控制下实时完成各自的功能,主控电路在系统中负责时序控制、数据采集、处理运算、接口通讯等功能,是系统的核心部件之一。本文采用DSP和FPGA相结合的方式,充分利用它们各自的控制灵活、实时运算的特点,完成了主控电路的上述功能,实现了成像过程全自动、帧频达到25 Hz的要求,为实现原理样机转化为工程样机打下了技术基础。     

抗磨型（500系列）油膜轴承油研制与工业应用

以大庆５００ＳＮ为原料油，经深度精制后作为基础油，添加适量的抗氧剂，破乳剂，极压抗磨剂，防锈剂和消泡剂等，研制出ＷＨ５２５抗磨型油腊轴承油，其质量指标达到Ｍｏｂｉｌ Ｖａｃｕｏｌｉｎｅ５２５油膜轴承油指标要求。经鞍钢二年工业应用证明，该油品可以满足高速线材轧机润滑要求。     

Antiwear Action of Mineral Lubricants Modified by Conventional and Uncoventional Additives

The authors of this paper investigated the influence of esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids on the lubricating properties of mineral lubricants containing chosen AW/EP additives. Methyl esters, ethylene glycol esters, and glycerol esters as well as some commercial AW/EP packages based on zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, S–P organic compounds, and sulphurized esters of fatty acids were tested. The tribological tests were carried out with the use of a four-ball machine. Antiwear (AW) properties of tested compositions were determined using their limiting load of wear (G_oz(40)). It appears that the AW action of esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids depends on their structure. The best AW action is shown by compositions of mineral oil lubricants containing AW/EP additives and methyl esters of rapeseed oil fatty acids. The SEM/EDS analysis of the scar surface layer indicated that the presence of these esters in lubricants causes a change in the interaction between AW/EP additives and the metal surface. These observations were confirmed by the XPS surface analysis.